United States
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________________________________ 
SCHEDULE 14A INFORMATION

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
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Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc.
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April [ ], 20182019

Dear Fellow Stockholder:
On behalf of the Board of Directors, we are pleased to invite you to the 20182019 Annual Meeting of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc.'s Stockholders, which will be held at 9:00 a.m. (local time) on June 19, 201818, 2019 at the Denver Marriott Tech Center located at 4900 S. Syracuse Street, Denver, Colorado 80237.
At the Annual Meeting, you will be asked to elect fivesix directors, provide your advisory approval on our executive compensation, ratify the appointment of Moss Adams LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 20182019 and approve the continuationSecond Amendment of the Company's Tax Asset Protection Plan.
Your Board of Directors and management look forward to greeting those of you who are able to attend the Annual Meeting. The accompanying notice of meeting and this Proxy Statement provide specific information about the Annual Meeting and explain the various proposals. Please read these materials carefully.
Thank you for your continued support of and interest in our Company.

L. Heath Sampson
President and Chief Executive Officer


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ADVANCED EMISSIONS SOLUTIONS, INC.
640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270
Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129
Telephone: (888) 822-8617

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Our Stockholders:
The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. (“ADES”("ADES" or the “Company”"Company"), a Delaware corporation, will be held at 9:00 a.m. (local time) on June 19, 201818, 2019 at the Denver Marriott Tech Center located at 4900 S. Syracuse Street, Denver, Colorado 80237, or at any postponement or adjournment thereof, for the following:
1.To elect fivesix directors of the Company;
2.To approve, in an advisory vote, our executive compensation;
3.To ratify the appointment of Moss Adams LLP as our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018;2019;
4.To approve the continuationSecond Amendment of the Company's Tax Asset Protection Plan; and
5.To transact such other business as may properly come before the Annual Meeting or any postponement or adjournment thereof.
Stockholders of record at the close of business on April 23, 201822, 2019 are entitled to notice of and to vote at the Annual Meeting.
Our stockholders are cordially invited to attend the Annual Meeting in person. Whether or not you plan to attend the Annual Meeting, we urge you to vote your shares by telephone or Internet, or by completing, signing and dating the available proxy card and returning it promptly to the Company.
Please call on our toll-free number (888-822-8617) if you require directions or have other questions concerning the meeting. Directions to our officesthe Annual Meeting are also located on the back cover of this Proxy Statement.
By Order of the Board of Directors,
Greg P. Marken
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
April [ ], 20182019

Important Notice
Regarding Internet Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be Held on June 19, 201818, 2019
The Company’s Proxy Statement and Annual Report to Stockholders are Available at: www.proxyvote.com

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PROXY STATEMENT

This Proxy Statement is furnished to the stockholders of Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. (“ADES” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation, ("ADES" or the "Company") in connection with the solicitation of proxies by the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”"Board"), to be voted at our annual meeting of stockholders (“("Annual Meeting”Meeting" or “meeting”"meeting") to be held at 9:00 AM on Tuesday, June 19, 2018,18, 2019, at the Denver Marriott Tech Center located at 4900 S. Syracuse Street, Denver, Colorado 80237, and any postponements or adjournments thereof. This Proxy Statement and accompanying form of proxy is first being made available to our stockholders on or about April 26, 2018.30, 2019. The shares represented by all proxies that are properly executed and submitted will be voted at the meeting in accordance with the instructions indicated thereon, and if no instructions are given, then to the extent permitted by law, in the discretion of the proxy holder. Throughout this Proxy Statement, the terms "we," "us" "our" and "our Company" refer to Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc. and, unless the context indicates otherwise, our consolidated subsidiaries.
VOTING RIGHTS AND VOTE REQUIRED
Our Board has fixed the close of business on April 23, 2018,22, 2019 as the record date (the “Record Date”"Record Date") for determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at the meeting. On the Record Date, [ ] shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding, each of which entitles the holder thereof to one vote on all matters that may come before the Annual Meeting. We do not have any class of voting securities outstanding other than our common stock. An abstention or withholding authority to vote will be counted as present for determining whether the quorum requirement is satisfied. If a quorum exists, actions or matters other than the election of the Board are approved if the votes cast in favor of the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action unless a greater number is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”"DGCL") or our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The fivesix nominees receiving the highest number of votes cast will be elected as directors. Abstentions will not affect the election of directors.
If, as of the Record Date your shares were held in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, dealer, or other similar organization, then that firm or organization is the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the Annual Meeting and you are considered the beneficial owner of shares held in "street name." If you are a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your broker or other agent regarding how to vote the shares held in your account. If you do not instruct your broker on how to vote your shares, your brokerage firm, in its discretion, may vote your shares on routine matters or they may elect not to vote your shares. The proposal to ratify the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 20182019 is considered a “routine"routine matter," but the other proposals being voted on at the Annual Meeting are not considered “routine matters”"routine matters" and brokers will not be entitled to vote on those proposals absent specific instructions and authorization from the beneficial owners of the shares. If you hold shares beneficially in street name and do not provide your broker with voting instructions, your shares may constitute "broker non-votes." A broker non-vote occurs when a nominee holding shares for a beneficial holder does not have discretionary voting power and does not receive voting instructions from the beneficial owner. Broker non-votes on a particular proposal are considered present for purposes of determining a quorum, but will not be treated as shares present and entitled to vote on any proposal other than the ratification of our public accounting firm and accordingly will have no effect on such vote.
We invite beneficial owners to attend the Annual Meeting. If you are a beneficial owner and not a stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares in person at the Annual Meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from your broker or other agent and bring such proxy to the Annual Meeting. If you want to attend the Annual Meeting, but not vote, you must provide proof of beneficial ownership as of the Record Date, such as your most recent account statement prior to April 23, 2018,22, 2019, a copy of the voting instruction card provided by your broker or other agent or other similar evidence of ownership.
A minimum of one-third of the shares of our common stock ("Common StockStock") issued and outstanding must be represented at the meeting in person or by proxy in order to constitute a quorum. Cumulative voting is not allowed for any purpose.
Unless instructions to the contrary are marked, or if no instructions are specified, shares represented by proxies will be voted:
FOR ALL the persons nominated by the Board for Directors, being: Brian Leen, Gilbert Li, R. Carter Pate, L. Heath Sampson, J. Taylor Simonton, and L. Spencer Wells;
FOR the approval, on an advisory basis, of the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers, as disclosed pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, compensation tables and narrative discussion as set forth under the Executive Compensation section of this Proxy Statement;
FOR the ratification of the appointment of Moss Adams LLP as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018;2019; and

FOR the approval of the continuationSecond Amendment of the Company's Tax Asset Protection Plan.    
We do not know of any other matter or motion to be presented at the Annual Meeting. If any other matter or motion should be presented at the Annual Meeting upon which a vote must be properly taken, to the extent permitted by law, the persons named in the accompanying form of proxy intend to vote such proxy in the discretion of such person as the directors of the Company may recommend, including any matter or motion dealing with the conduct of the Annual Meeting.
Voting by Mail, Facsimile, via the Internet or by Telephone
Stockholders whose shares are registered in their own names may vote by mailing or faxing a completed proxy card, via the internet or by telephone. Instructions for voting via the internet or by telephone are set forth on the enclosed proxy card. To vote by mailing or faxing a proxy card, sign and return the available proxy card to the Company and your shares will be voted at the Annual Meeting in the manner you direct. If no directions are specified, your shares will be voted as described above.
If your shares are registered in the name of a bank or brokerage firm, you may be eligible to vote your shares over the internet or by telephone rather than by mailing a completed voting instructions card provided by the bank or brokerage firm. Please check the voting instructions card provided by your bank or brokerage house for availability and instructions. If internet or telephone voting is unavailable from your bank or brokerage house, please complete and return the voting instructions card provided by the bank or brokerage firm.
Any stockholder who completes a proxy or votes via the internet or by telephone may revoke the action at any time before it is exercised at the Annual Meeting by delivering written notice of such revocation to the Company's (c/o GregSecretary (Greg P. Marken, Secretary)Marken), 640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270, Highlands Ranch, Colorado, 80129, by submitting a new proxy executed at a later date, or by attending the Annual Meeting and voting in person.

PROPOSAL ONE

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY
Our Nominating and Governance Committee has recommended to our Board the slate of fivesix directors for election by our stockholders, and the Board approved the recommendation and the slate of directors. Each director will hold office until the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders and thereafter until a successor is elected and qualified. Cumulative voting is not permitted in the election of directors. IN THE ABSENCE OF INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CONTRARY, THE INDIVIDUALS NAMED IN THE ACCOMPANYING PROXY WILL VOTE IN FAVOR OF THE ELECTION OF THE FOLLOWING PERSONS NAMED AS OUR NOMINEES FOR DIRECTORS: BRIAN LEEN, GILBERT LI, R. CARTER PATE, L. HEATH SAMPSON, J. TAYLOR SIMONTON AND L. SPENCER WELLS.
Each of the nominees has consented to be named herein and to serve if elected. We do not anticipate that any nominee will become unable or unwilling to accept nomination or election, but if this should occur, the persons named in the proxy intend to vote for the election in his or her stead of such other person as the Board may recommend. It is the policy and practice of the Company that all directors who reside in the metropolitan Denver, Colorado area attend the Annual Meeting.
Detailed biographical information about each director nominee can be found under the Corporate Governance section of this Proxy Statement. The following table sets forth certain information, including expected Committee membership as of June 19, 2018,18, 2019, as to each director nominee of the Company:
Name Age Position and Offices Director Since Age Position and Offices Director Since
Brian Leen 50 Director, Member of Activated Carbon Committee 2019
Gilbert Li 40 Director, Chairman of Nominating and Governance Committee and Member of Audit Committee and Compensation Committee 2016 41 Director, Chairperson of Nominating and Governance Committee and Member of Audit Committee and Compensation Committee 2016
R. Carter Pate 63 Director, Chairman of Compensation Committee and Member of Audit Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee 2016 64 Director, Chairperson of Compensation Committee and Member of Audit Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee 2016
L. Heath Sampson 47 Director, President and Chief Executive Officer 2015 48 Director, President and Chief Executive Officer and Member of the Activated Carbon Committee 2015
J. Taylor Simonton 73 Director, Chairman of the Audit Committee and Member of Nominating and Governance Committee 2014 74 Director, Chairperson of the Audit Committee and Member of Nominating and Governance Committee and Activated Carbon Committee 2014
L. Spencer Wells 47 Director, Chairman of the Board and Member of Compensation Committee 2014 48 Director, Chairperson of the Board and Member of Compensation Committee 2014
No family relationship exists between any directors or executive officers.
Director Compensation information for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172018 can be found under the "Director Compensation" section of this Proxy Statement.
Board Recommendation
Our Board recommends that you vote "FOR" all of the persons nominated above, being Brian Leen, Gilbert Li, R. Carter Pate, L. Heath Sampson, J. Taylor Simonton and L. Spencer Wells.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Directors of the Company
The Nominating and Governance Committee of the Board seeks directors with strong reputations and experience in areas relevant to our strategy and operations, such as environmental and chemical technologies, and government regulation and relations, as well as overall business acumen and experience in financial matters. Each of our current directors, andwhich are all the director nominees set forth in this Proxy Statement holds or has held senior executive positions in complex organizations and has operating experience that meets this objective, as described below. In these positions, the directors and nominees have also gained experience in core management skills, such as strategic and financial planning, public company financial reporting, corporate governance, executive compensation, risk management and leadership development. The Nominating and Governance Committee also believes that each of the directors and nominees has other key attributes that are critical to the composition of an effective Board: integrity and demonstrated impeccable ethical standards, sound judgment, analytical skills, the ability to work together in a constructive and collaborative fashion and the commitment to devote significant time and energy to service on the Board and its Committees.
The specific experience, qualifications and background of each director for election by our stockholders is as follows:

L. Spencer Wells has served as a director since 2014 and as Chairman of the Board of the Company since 2016. Mr. Wells has over 15 years of experience as aan investor and financial analyst and is a founding Partner atof Drivetrain Advisors providing extensive knowledge on portfolio management, proprietary trading, and special situation expertise. Before joininga provider of fiduciary services to the alternative investment community. Prior to founding Drivetrain Advisors in 2013, Mr. Wells served as a Senior Advisor (from 2012 to 2013) and as a Partner (fromat TPG Special Situations Partners from 2010 to 2012) at2012. Mr. Wells currently serves on the Boards of several public and private companies, among them Town Sports International, Inc., NextDecade Corporation, Vanguard Natural Resources, Inc., Parker Drilling Company, Vantage Drilling International and Jones Energy, Inc. Mr. Wells has previously served on the Boards of public companies over the last five years, including Roust Corporation, Affinion Group, Inc. and Syncora Holdings, Ltd. From 2010 to 2012, Mr. Wells was a partner of TPG Special Situations Partners, during which time he createdhelped to create and managedmanage an investment portfolio approximated at $2.5 billion. From 2002 until 2009, Mr. Wells served as a Partner and a Portfolio Manager at Silverpoint Capital. While at Silverpoint, he covered the energy, chemicals, and building products sectors and managed an investment portfolio estimated at $1.3 billion. Mr. Wells has served as a director of Town Sports International Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CLUB) since 2015 and as a director of NextDecade Corporation (NASDAQ: NEXT) since August 2017. He also serves as a director of three other private companies. Since June 2016, he has also served as a manager on the Board of Managers of Tinuum Group, LLC ("Tinuum Group"), a related party. Mr. Wells is a Trustee, a member of the Investment Committee and Finance Committee, and Co-Chair of the Development Committee for Western Reserve Academy. Mr. Wells holds a B.A. in psychology from Wesleyan University and an M.B.A. from Columbia Business School.
Director Qualifications:
Leadership Experience - Extensive experience as a corporate board member. Senior Advisor and a prior partner at TPG Special Situations Partners, Director for the Center for Music National Service, current directorprior Director for Town Sports InternationalAlinta Holdings Inc. and NextDecade Corporation and three other private companies,Kerogen Resources, and Trustee and Co-Chair of the Development Committee for Western Reserve Academy.
Industry Experience - Through his various roles as a financial analyst and director, he has covered the energy chemicals and building products sectors.
Finance Experience - Extensive and varied experience with over 2015 years of involvement as a financial analyst. Currently serves on the Audit Committees of two public companies and one private company.
Gilbert Li has served as a director of the Company since 2016 and2016. Mr. Li is currently is the Co-Founder and Managing Partner of Alta Fundamental Advisers, a private investment company, holding this position since January 2013. SinceBeginning on February 1, 2018, he has also served as a manager on the Board of Managers of Tinuum Group.Group, LLC ("Tinuum Group"). He has spent his career focused on value orientedvalue-oriented investing across the capital structure. From January 2009 through January 2013, Mr. Li was an investment analyst for JMB Capital Partners, a $1.3 billion hedge fund. He has also previously held the roles of portfolio manager, trader and investment analyst at Merrill Lynch, Watershed Asset Management and J.P. Morgan Investment Management. Mr. Li attended the University of California, Berkeley with majors in chemical engineering and material science engineering and a minor in business administration.
Director Qualifications:
Leadership Experience - Co-Founder and Managing Partner of Alta Fundamental Advisers.
Industry Experience - Invested, analyzed, and traded many energy, alternative energy, coal, and tax credit-related companies.

R. Carter Pate has served as a director of the Company since 2016. Since May 2015, he has served as a director of BioScrip, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIOS) and is currently the its Chairman of the Board. Mr. Pate is currently the Interim Chief Executive Officer of Providence Services Corporation (NASDAQ: PRSC), a position he has held since 2017. He is also the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Phoenix Effect, LLC, serving as a consultantConsultant and advisory board memberAdvisory Board Member to public and private Boards of Directors since 2014. Mr. Pate is also the interim Chief Executive Officer of Providence Service Corporation, Inc.

private boards of directors since 2014. From 2011 to 2014,(NASDAQ: PRSC), which is a publicly held corporation headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. Mr. Pate previously served as Chief Executive Officer of MV Transportation, Inc., the largest privately-owned passenger transportation contracting firm based in the U.S., and continues from 2011 to serve as an independent strategic advisor to MV Transportation.2014. From 1996 to 2011, Mr. Pate was employed by PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP ("PwC") in various positions including, one of the world’s largest accounting and professional service firms. From 2010 to 2011, he was the U.S. and Global Managing Partner of PwC’s Capital Projects and Infrastructure practice (2010practice. From 2008 to 2011),2010, he was the Global and U.S. Managing Partner of PwC’s Health Care Practice, (2008and from 2005 to 2010),2008, he was the U.S. Managing Partner of Government Services (2005Services. From 2004 to 2008),2005, Mr. Pate was PwC’s Managing Partner of U.S. Markets, (2004and from 2000 to 2005),2004, Mr. Pate was PwC’s Managing Partner of Financial Advisory Services (2000 to 2004) andServices. He served as a Partner and Leader in thePwC’s U.S. Restructuring Practices (1996from 1996 to 2000).2000. Mr. Pate previously served as a director, Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of Sun Television and Appliances, Inc., a national retailer, as a director and Chief Executive Officer of Sun Coast Industries, Inc. and as Director of Finance at William Hudson Chemical Trading. He also founded his own management consulting firm. Mr. Pate has a Master's degree in accountingAccounting and information managementInformation Management from the University of Texas at Dallas and a B.S. degree in accountingAccounting from Greensboro College and is a CPA.
Director Qualifications:

Leadership Experience - Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Phoenix Effect, LLC, Chief Executive Officer of MV Transportation, director, Interim President and Chief Executive Officer of Sun Television and Appliances, director and Chief Executive Officer of Sun Coast Industries, director of several public and private companies and multiple leadership positions at PwC.
Industry Experience - During Mr. Pate's years as a Partner in charge of PwC's U.S. Advisory Practice, which included the Advisory energy practice which included a number ofreported to him and he served as an advisor to several oil field services firms as well as a fluid catalyst crackingFluid Catalyst Cracking (FCC) manufacturer. He also served as an advisor to one of America's largest energy companies in a multi-year restructuring effort. As the U.S. Managing Partner of PwC's U.S. Governmentgovernment practice, he was involved in consulting relationships with U.S. Government contracting energy companies. He maintains his Department of DefenseDoD Top Secret Clearance.
    
L. Heath Sampson is the President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of the Company.Company ("CEO"). Mr. Sampson has served in this role since April 1, 2015. Prior to his appointment as Chief Executive Officer,President and CEO, Mr. Sampson served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company from August 27, 2014. Since April 2015 has served asMr. Sampson is also a Director or Manager and an officer for all 100%- owned ADES subsidiaries and a Manager on the Board of Managers of Tinuum Group. Mr. Sampson is a National Association of Corporate Directors (NACD) Board Leadership Fellow. He demonstrates his commitment to the highest standards of exemplary board leadership by earning NACD Fellowship — The Gold Standard Director Credential — a continuous program of study that empowers directors with the latest insights, intelligence, and leading boardroom practices. Prior to joining the Company, and from 2009 to 2014, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Square Two Financial, a $500 million private equity backed consumer collections company, where heas Chief Financial Officer and led a corporate restructuring project. From January 2007 to August 2009, Mr. Sampson served as Chief Financial Officer of First Data Financial Services, a business unit of First Data Corporation, a large-market global SEC registrant, and led strategy development for the $2.5 billion business unit with over 15,000 employees. From February 2005 to January 2007, he served First Data Corporation as the business unit Chief Financial Officer for both the innovative paymentsInnovative Payments and integrated payment systemsIntegrated Payment Systems business units. At First Data Corporation, Mr. Sampson also led corporate restructuring projects and was instrumental into a large solution-based corporate turnaround sales effort. He was also employed by Arthur Andersen LLC from the mid-1990smid-1990's until the early 2000s.2000's. During his time at Arthur Andersen, LLP, Mr. Sampson served as a managerthe Manager of audit servicesAudit Services and a senior managerSenior Manager of Business and Risk Consulting. His early business consulting career provided him with broad-based experience in all aspects of corporate operations including supply chain, financial management, operations, customer experience and risk consulting.organizational design. Mr. Sampson holds a BachelorBachelor’s of business administration-accountingBusiness Administration-Accounting and MastersMaster’s of accountancyAccountancy from the University of Denver.
Director Qualifications:

Leadership Experience - President and Chief Executive OfficerCEO of the Company; former Chief Financial Officer of the Company, Square Two Financial and multiple business units of First Data Corporation including First Data Financial Services; former manager of audit services and former senior manager of business and risk consulting at Arthur Andersen LLP.
Industry Experience - President and Chief Executive OfficerCEO and former Chief Financial Officer of the Company.
Finance Experience - former Chief Financial Officer of the Company; former Chief Financial Officer of Square Two Financial and multiple business units of First Data Corporation including First Data Financial Services; former manager of audit services and former senior manager of business and risk consulting at Arthur Andersen LLP; BachelorBachelor’s of business administration-accountingBusiness Administration-Accounting and MastersMaster’s of accountancyAccountancy from the University of Denver.


J. Taylor Simonton has served as a director of the Company since 20142014. Mr. Simonton is a director and has over 46 yearsmember of experiencethe Audit Committee (Chairman effective May 2018) and Governance Committee since May 2017 of Master Chemical Corporation, a private company in financial accountingthe specialty industrial fluids industry. Since May 2017, he also is a director and auditing. SinceAudit Committee Chairman of Surna Inc., which develops innovative technologies and products that monitor, control and address the energy and resource intensive nature of indoor cultivation. From October 2013 to June 2018, Mr. Simonton has beenwas a director of Escalera Resources Co. f/k/a Double Eagle Petroleum (OTC: ESCRQ), a developer of natural gas and crude oil properties in the Rocky Mountain region. He currently servesserved Escalera Resources as the Audit Committee Chair and a member of the Compensation and Nominating and Governance Committees. From September 2008 to July 2015, Mr. Simonton was a director of Crossroads Capital, Inc. f/k/(now a BDCA Venture, Inc. (formerly NASDAQ: XRDC), a business development company and closed-end mutual fund.liquidating trust). He served Crossroads Capital as the Lead Director, Chair of the Audit Committee, and as a memberMember of the Nominating & Governance Committee and Compensation and Valuation CommitteesCommittee, and also served as the Chair of the Valuation Committee from 2008 to 2011. Mr. Simonton served as a director and Chair of the Audit Committee for Zynex, Inc. (OTC: ZYXI) from October 2008 to January 2014. He served as a director, Chair of the Audit Committee (2005-2009), and a member of the Nominating and Governance Committee of Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. (NASDAQ: RRGB) from September 2005 to May 2013. Mr. Simonton was a member of the Board of Directors of the Colorado Chapter of the National Association of Corporate Directors (“NACD”) from September 2005 to July 2015, serving at various times as the Chairman, President, Treasurer and Publicity Chair/Editor. Mr. Simonton is a Board Leadership Fellow, the highest director credential of NACD. He is a member of the American Institute of CPAs and Colorado Society of CPAs. For 35 years, Mr. Simonton served at PwC, one of the world’s largest accounting and professional services firms, including 23 years as an Assurance Partner and seven years in the firm’s SEC Department of its National Professional Services Group, four of which were international. Mr. Simonton received a B.S. degree in accounting from the University of Tennessee and is a CPA.
Director Qualifications:

Leadership Experience - Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of Master Chemical Corporation (private company); Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of Surna Inc.; former Director and Chair of the Audit Committee of Escalera Resources Co.; previously Lead Director, and Chair of the Audit Committee of Crossroads Capital, Inc.,; former Director and Chair of the Audit Committee for Zynex, Inc., Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc., and one other public company; Chairman, President, and Treasurer of the Board of Directors of the Colorado Chapter of NACD; Board Leadership Fellow, the highest director credential of NACD; and Colorado 2014 Outstanding Public Company Director, as awarded by the Denver Business Journal and NACD-Colorado.NACD Colorado.
Industry Experience - Varied experience throughout the years at PwC in the industry and as a former director of Escalera Resources Co., a developer of natural gas and crude oil properties in the Rocky Mountain region.
Finance Experience - Extensive and varied experience for over 4645 years in financial accounting and auditing, including 35 years at PwC. He possessesholds a CPA and is member of the American Institute of CPAs and Colorado Society of CPAs.

Brian Leen was appointed as a director of the Company in February 2019. Previously, Mr. Leen served as President and Chief Executive Officer of ADA Carbon Solutions, LLC (“Carbon Solutions”) until December 7, 2018, on which date the Company acquired Carbon Solutions (the "Carbon Solutions Acquisition"). Mr. Leen is now the President and Chief Executive Officer of Gopher Resource, LLC, a leading provider of environmental services to battery manufacturers. Mr. Leen has over 25 years of experience in the specialty chemicals and materials industry. Under his leadership, Carbon Solutions grew to become the largest provider of mercury control technology to the coal fired power industry increasing its market share of activated carbon five fold in eight years. Prior to joining Carbon Solutions in 2010, he was President of the North American printing ink operations for Sun Chemical Corporation, a global provider of printing inks and pigments with approximately $3.5 billion in revenues and 10,000 employees. He also led the Performance Pigments Group of Sun Chemical, a global leader in the development, manufacture and sale of organic pigments. Mr. Leen has a diverse background running global businesses and a track record for driving growth.  He has led various M&A efforts and strategic growth initiatives along with operational efficiency efforts including ERP deployment and Six Sigma. Mr. Leen holds a Bachelor’s in Marketing from the University of Kentucky and is a graduate of the Executive Management Program at the University of Michigan.


Director Qualifications:

Leadership Experience - Held various business leadership roles with overall responsibility for the financial performance of the business and the development and execution of a long term growth strategy. Led multinational businesses ranging in size and scope up to ~$1.0B in revenue and 2,000 employees as President of NAI / Sun Chemical Corp.  Served on several boards and as a board advisor to various portfolio companies of Energy Capital Partners (ECP) and industry associations.
Industry Experience - Former President and CEO of Carbon Solutions for eight years, led the company from approximately 10% market share to over 50% of the market share for activated carbon in mercury control; over 25 years of experience in B to B businesses most significantly in specialty chemicals
Finance Experience - Participation and leadership of several M&A activities on both buy and sell side initiatives including execution and management of international joint ventures. Experience in term loan acquisition, enterprise recapitalization and relationship management.

Director Independence
Our current Board consists of sixfour independent directors, as defined in NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 4200(a)(15). In our fiscal year 2017,2018, all directors other than Mr. Sampson qualified as "independent directors." Further, Mr. Leen, who joined the Board on February 27, 2019, is also not independent. The Board maintains audit, compensation, and nominating and governance committees, each of which was and is comprised solely of independent directors. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.advancedemissionssolutions.com under the "Leadership & Governance" section of "ADES Investors."

Board Meetings and Committees
Our Board is responsible for establishing broad corporate policies and monitoring the overall performance of the Company. However, in accordance with corporate legal principles, the Board is not involved in day-to-day operating matters. Members of the Board are kept informed of the Company’s business by participating in Board and committee meetings, by reviewing analysis and reports sent to them weekly and monthly, and through discussions with the CEO and other officers.

The Board met 1518 times in 2017.2018. At each of the Board meetings, the independent directors were polled to determine if they believed an "executive session" was needed. In 2017,2018, the Board held four executive sessions where management of the Company was excluded. The Audit Committee met nine times in 2017.2018. The Compensation Committee met fourfive times in 2017.2018. The Nominating and Governance Committee met five times in 2017.2018. All of the directors were present for more than 75% of the meetings of the Board and the committees of which they were members.

Our Board is currently comprised of seven members--the five current directors nominated for re-election at this annual meeting and A. Bradley Gabbard and Derek C. Johnson. Messrs. Gabbard and Johnson have chosen not to stand for re-election to the Board at the annual meeting. Accordingly, as permitted by our bylaws, the Board has reduced the size of the board from seven members to five members, effective as of the date of the annual meeting.


Stockholder Communications to Directors
Any stockholder may communicate directly with the Board (or any individual director) by writing to the ChairmanChairperson of the Board, Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc., 640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270 Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129 or by emailing the Board through the "Contact the Board" link on our website at www.advancedemissionssolutions.com. Any such communication should state the number of shares beneficially owned by the stockholder making the communication. Provided that such communication addresses a legitimate business issue, the Company or the ChairmanChairperson will forward the stockholder's communication to the appropriate director. For any communication relating to accounting, auditing or fraud, such communication will be forwarded promptly to the ChairmanChairperson of the Audit Committee.

Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics and Business Conduct that includes a code of ethics as defined in Item 406(b) of SEC Regulation S-K. Our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct incorporates our Insider Trading Policy, which applies to our officers, directors, and employees, including the principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller or other persons performing similar functions. A copy of our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct is available on our website at www.advancedemissionssolutions.com. We intend to disclose any amendments to our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, or waivers of such provisions granted to executive officers and directors, on our website.

Board Leadership Structure and Role in Risk Oversight
We have a policy of keeping the roles of Chief Executive Officer and ChairmanChairperson of the Board separate, and the roles are currently filled by two different individuals. We believe this arrangement is appropriate as it recognizes the distinction between the role played by the Chief Executive Officer, which is a position being more heavily oriented towards day-to-day management, while the ChairmanChairperson functions as an independent director, whose role is to oversee the Board and is also able to participate in and chair executive sessions of the Board.

The Board has designated the Audit Committee to take the lead in overseeing risk management, and the Audit Committee periodically reports to the Board regarding briefings provided by management and advisors as well as the Audit Committee’s own analysis and conclusions regarding the adequacy of the Company’s risk management processes. In addition to this compliance program, the Board encourages management to promote, and management is committed to promoting, a corporate culture that incorporates risk management into the Company’s strategy and day-to-day business operations. The Board and management continually work together to assess and analyze our most likely areas of risk.

Audit Committee
Our Board has an Audit Committee established in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)"Exchange Act)". Mr. Simonton currently serves as the Chairperson of the Audit Committee. For 2018, our Board appointed Messrs. Simonton, Li, and Pate to serve on the Audit Committee. For 2017, our Board appointed Messrs. Simonton, Johnson and Pate to serve on the Audit Committee. Mr. Johnson did not stand for reelection to the Board in June 2018. Our Board determined that Mr. Simonton and Mr. Pate are each an "audit committee financial expert." Each Audit Committee member is “independent”"independent" as that term is used in the listing requirements for the NASDAQ Stock Market, and a brief listing of his relevant experience is stated in his biography above under the caption entitled "Directors of the Company."


The role and functions of the Audit Committee are set out in the Audit Committee Charter, originally adopted by the Company’s Board and most recently amended on August 11, 2016. The role of the Audit Committee is one of oversight of the services performed by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee’s functions include the following: reviewing and assessing the Audit Committee Charter annually; overseeing the Company’s compliance with legal, ethical and regulatory requirements, including the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct and approving related party transactions; overseeing the Company’s processes to identify and manage business and financial risk; appointing, approving the compensation of and reviewing the Company’s relationships with its independent registered public accounting firm and/or other auditors and assessing the impact such relationships may have on the auditors’ objectivity and independence; taking other appropriate action to oversee the independence of the outside auditors; reviewing and considering the matters identified in Auditing Standard No. 1301 adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”("PCAOB") with the outside auditors and management; reviewing and discussing the Company’s financial statements and report on internal control with the outside auditors and management; reviewing the financial reporting process and discussing with management and our independent registered public accounting firm the interim and annual financial statements that we file with the SEC; and reporting to the Board on all such matters. In performing its oversight function, the Audit Committee relies upon advice and information received in its discussions with the Company’s management and independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit or non-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with Audit Committee policy and applicable law.

Compensation Committee
For 2017,2018, our Board appointed a Compensation Committee currently consisting of Messrs. Li, Pate and Simonton.Wells. Mr. Pate currently serves as the chairperson of the Compensation Committee. For 2017, our Board appointed a Compensation Committee consisting of Messrs. Li, Pate and Simonton. The responsibilities of the Compensation Committee, as

set forth in the Compensation Committee Charter include reviewing our executive compensation programs to analyze their alignment with attracting, retaining and motivating our executive officers to achieve our business objectives; establishing annual and long-term performance goals for our executive officers and evaluating their performance in light of such goals; reviewing, approving and, when appropriate, making recommendations concerning our long-term incentive plans; reviewing and making recommendations regarding stockholder proposals related to compensation; and administering our equity-based and employee benefit plans. See “Executive Compensation” below for additional information.
 
Nominating and Governance Committee
For 2017,2018, our Board appointed a Nominating and Governance Committee currently consisting of Messrs. Johnson, Li, Pate and Simonton. Mr. Johnson servedLi currently serves as the chairmanChairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee. For 2017, our Board appointed Messrs. Johnson, Li and Simonton to serve on the Audit Committee. Mr. Johnson did not stand for reelection to the Board in June 2018. The responsibilities of the Nominating and Governance Committee include recommending the number of directors to serve on the Board; selecting director nominees for the Board; reviewing director compensation and benefits; submitting the same to the entire Board for approval; overseeing the annual self-evaluation of the Board and its committees; recommending the structure and composition of Board committees to the entire Board for approval; monitoring in conjunction with the Audit Committee compliance with our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct; granting any waivers thereto with respect to directors and executive officers; recommending individuals to serve as Chairperson of the Board and Chief Executive Officer; and reviewing the Chief Executive Officer’s recommendations for individuals to serve as executive officers and analyzing and recommending such persons to the Board.

Criteria established for the selection of candidates for the Board include:
a.An understanding of business and financial affairs and the complexities of an organization that operates as a public company;
b.A genuine interest in representing all of our stockholders and the interests of the Company overall;
c.A willingness and ability to spend the necessary time required to function effectively as a director;
d.An open-minded approach to matters and the resolve and ability to independently analyze matters presented for consideration;
e.A reputation for honesty and integrity that is above reproach;
f.Any qualifications required of independent directors by the NASDAQ Stock Market and applicable law; and
g.As to any candidate who is an incumbent director (who continues to be otherwise qualified), the extent to which the continuing service of such person would promote stability and continuity amongst the Board as a result of such person’s familiarity and insight into the Company’s affairs, and such person’s prior demonstrated ability to work with the Board as a collective body.
An understanding of business and financial affairs and the complexities of an organization that operates as a public company;
A genuine interest in representing all of our stockholders and the interests of the Company overall;
A willingness and ability to spend the necessary time required to function effectively as a director;
An open-minded approach to matters and the resolve and ability to independently analyze matters presented for consideration;
A reputation for honesty and integrity that is above reproach;
Any qualifications required of independent directors by the NASDAQ Stock Market and applicable law; and
As to any candidate who is an incumbent director (who continues to be otherwise qualified), the extent to which the continuing service of such person would promote stability and continuity amongst the Board as a result of such person’s familiarity and insight into the Company’s affairs, and such person’s prior demonstrated ability to work with the Board as a collective body.

Director nominees are generally identified by our directors, stockholders or officers based on industry and business contacts. Regardless of the source of the nomination, nominees are interviewed and evaluated by the Nominating and Governance Committee, other members of the management team, and the Board as deemed appropriate by the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Nominating and Governance Committee then presents qualified candidates to the Board for a final discussion and vote.
We do not have a formal policy with respect to the consideration of diversity in the identification of director nominees, but the Nominating and Governance Committee strives to select candidates for nomination to the Board with a variety of backgrounds and complementary skills so that, as a group, the Board possesses the appropriate talent, skills, perspectives and expertise to oversee the Company’s businesses.
Under the Nominating and Governance Committee Charter, the Nominating and Governance Committee will consider nominees submitted by our stockholders. Recommendations of individuals that meet the criteria set forth in the Nominating and Governance Committee Charter for election at our 20182020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders may be submitted to the Nominating and Governance Committee in care of Greg P. Marken, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, at 640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129 no later than December 28, 2018.31, 2019.


COMPENSATION COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER PARTICIPATION
Messrs. Li, Pate, and Simonton served as members of the Company’s Compensation Committee during all of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. No current member of the Compensation Committee is or was an officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or had a relationship requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. Additionally, no relationships requiring disclosure under Item 407(e)(iii) of Regulation S-K exists or existed during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Review and Approval of Related Party Transactions
Our Board recognizes that related party transactions present a heightened risk of conflicts of interest and/or improper valuation (or the perception thereof) and therefore has adopted a written policy with respect to all related party transactions involving the Company. Under this policy, any related party transaction, as defined (which excludes transactions available to all employees generally and transactions involving less than $5,000), may be consummated or may continue only if:
1.The Audit Committee has approved or ratified such transaction in accordance with the guidelines set forth in the policy and if the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in arm’s length dealings with an unrelated third party;
2.The transaction has been approved by the disinterested members of the Board; and
3.The compensation with respect to such transaction has been approved by our Compensation Committee.
Management must refer to the Audit Committee all proposed related party transactions at its first regularly scheduled meeting each year. After review, the Audit Committee will approve or disapprove such transactions and at each subsequently scheduled meeting, and management must update the Audit Committee as to any material change to those proposed transactions. If management recommends any additional related party transactions after such meeting, such transactions may be presented to the Audit Committee for approval or preliminarily entered into by management subject to ratification by the Audit Committee. If the Audit Committee does not ratify the transaction, however, management must make all reasonable efforts to cancel or annul such transaction.
Any material related party transaction must be disclosed to our full Board, and management must assure that all related party transactions are approved in accordance with any requirements of our financing or other agreements.
Related Party Transactions
Board of Director Matters
On May 5, 2017, the Board of the Company adopted a Tax Asset Protection Plan (the "TAPP”) in an effort to protect stockholder value by attempting to diminish the risk that the Company’sCompany may be limited to its ability to use its net operating losses and general business credit carry-overs (collectively, the "Tax Attributes") to reduce potential future federal income tax obligations. If the Company experiences an “ownership"ownership change," as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, its ability to use the Tax Attributes may be substantially limited, and the timing of the usage of the Tax Attributes could be substantially delayed, which could therefore significantly impair the value of that asset. The TAPP is intended to act as a deterrent to any person acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding common stock ("Common Stock")Stock without the approval of the Board. The Board may, in its sole discretion, exempt any person from triggering the shareholder rights described in the TAPP.
On April 6, 2018, the Board approved the First Amendment to the Tax Asset Protection Plan (the "Amendment") that amends the TAPP dated May 5, 2017. The Amendment amends the definition of "Final Expiration Date" under the TAPP to extend the duration of the TAPP and makes associated changes in connection therewith. At the Company's 2018 annual meeting, the Company's stockholders approved the Amendment, thus the Final Expiration Date will be the close of business on December 31, 2019.
Gilbert Li, a director of the Company, is the Co-Founder and Managing Partner of Alta Fundamental Advisers, a private investment company ("Alta"). Alta beneficially owned as of March 31, 20182019 approximately 6.15%7.32% of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock. Alta requested an exemption under the TAPP for the acquisition or ownership of outstanding common stock of the Company (the "Alta Exemption Request") in order to purchase additional shares of Common Stock without triggering the shareholder rights described in the TAPP.
On December 4, 2017,November 6, 2018, the Board, with Mr. Li abstaining, and the Audit Committee of the Board, approved the Alta Exemption Request and the related party transaction.
A designeeOn February 27, 2019, the Board voted to increase the size of Arch Coal, Inc. ("Arch") held one seat on the Company’s Board through June 2017. The appointment of this designeefrom five directors to seven directors and appointed Brian Leen to the Board to fill one of the resulting vacancies effective February 27, 2019. Mr. Leen served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Carbon Solutions until December 7, 2018, the date of the Carbon Solutions Acquisition. 
In connection with the Carbon Solutions Acquisition, Mr. Leen’s position with Carbon Solutions was madeeliminated. Mr. Leen and the Company entered into a Release of Claims and Separation Agreement (the "Separation Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay him $2.2 million in compensation, which included previously agreed to retention bonuses plus a 2003 subscription, as amended pursuantyear of severance pay in the form of salary and bonuses, over the 52 weeks following the effective date of this Separation Agreement.
As a non-employee director, Mr. Leen will receive the compensation offered to all the Company’s 2:1 stock split in March 2014, and investment agreement with Arch, as amended pursuant to the Company's 2:1 stock split in March 2014, whereby the Company’s management agreed to make available one seatnon-employee directors for services on our Board for an Arch designee and to vote all shares and proxies they are entitled to vote in favor of such designee for so long as Arch continued to hold at least 200,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock. In addition, as required by the Company's related party transaction policy, the above noted agreements were approved by the Company’s Audit Committee before being recommended to the Board, for approval and were then approved by the disinterested members of the Board. During the year ended December 31, 2012 and through August 2013, Robert E. Shanklin, the Vice President of Coal Technology of Arch served on the Company's Board. Upon Mr. Shanklin's resignation, from 2013 through 2017, Paul A. Lang, the current President and COO of Arch, served on the Company's Board. In 2017, Arch Coal informed the Company that it no longer held at least 200,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, and therefore no longer had automatic rights to appoint a director to the Board. Mr. Lang did not stand for re-election to the Board at the Company's 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders in June 2017.as disclosed below.


DIRECTOR COMPENSATION
Our Nominating and Governance Committee has responsibility for reviewing the compensation plan for our non-management directors annually and making recommendations to the entire Board for approval. The Nominating and Governance Committee has not delegated authority to any other person to determine director compensation. Our management has made recommendations to the Nominating and Governance Committee regarding their views as to the appropriate amount and form of compensation (i.e., cash or stock) and tax and accounting ramifications of awards. In addition, the executive officer who serves on our Board votes on the recommendations for director compensation made by the Nominating and Governance Committee to the Board.
The Nominating and Governance Committee periodically reviews industry data from the National Association of Corporate Directors Director Compensation Report and Survey Data and evaluates industry averages, personal liability risks and other factors relating to director compensation. The last survey review by the Nominating and Governance Committee, utilizing market data for director compensation from various sources was completed in November 2017. Based on the Nominating and Governance Committee’s recommendation in November 2017, no adjustments have been made to director compensation previously set in May 2016, and the Board re-approved director compensation, for non-management Company directors, as described below.

Compensation Component January 1, 2017 - December 31, 2017* January 1, 2018 - December 31, 2018*
Annual Retainer $147,850, with at least 30% paid in Company stock $147,850, with at least 30% paid in Company stock
Chairman of the Board Retainer $32,500
Chairman of the Audit Committee Retainer $20,000
Chairman of the Compensation Committee Retainer $12,500
Chairperson of the Board Retainer $32,500
Chairperson of the Audit Committee Retainer $20,000
Chairperson of the Compensation Committee Retainer $12,500
Chairman of the Nominating and Governance Committee Retainer $10,000
 $10,000
Compensation Committee Member Service Retainer $10,000
 $10,000
Audit Committee Member Service Retainer $7,500
 $7,500
Nominating and Governance Member Service Retainer $5,000
 $5,000
Board of Managers of Tinuum Group, LLC Service Retainer (non-management Company directors) $20,000
Board of Managers of Tinuum Group, LLC Service Retainer $20,000

*Amounts shown are on an annual basis. Unless specified otherwise, all amounts are payable in cash.

In February 2019, the Nominating and Governance Committee created a new committee, the Activated Carbon Committee, which was created to evaluate adjacent market growth opportunities for the activated carbon business. Mr. Leen, who was appointed to the Board in February 2019, will serve as the chair of this committee and will be compensated $25,000 a year for his services. Mr. Simonton was appointed a member of the Activated Carbon Committee and will be compensated $5,000 a year for his services.

The following table provides information regarding director compensation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017:2018:
Name Fees earned or paid in cash ($) (1) Stock awards ($) (2)(3) Option awards ($) All other compensation Total ($) Fees earned or paid in cash ($) (1) Stock awards ($) (2)(3) Option awards ($) All other compensation Total ($)
A. Bradley Gabbard (4) 123,495
 44,353
 
 
 167,848
Derek C. Johnson (4) 100,050
 59,137
 
 
 159,187
Gilbert Li (5) 144,369
 
 
 
 144,369
Gilbert Li (4) 102,166
 147,839
 
 
 250,005
R. Carter Pate 123,495
 44,353
 
 
 167,848
 126,412
 44,349
 
 
 170,761
J. Taylor Simonton 139,120
 44,353
 
 
 183,473
 132,662
 44,349
 
 
 177,011
L. Spencer Wells 155,995
 44,353
 
 
 200,348
 161,828
 44,349
 
 
 206,177
Paul A. Lang (6) 46,664
 
 
 
 46,664
A. Bradley Gabbard (5) 44,790
 
 
 
 44,790
Derek C. Johnson (5) 44,254
 
 
 
 44,254
(1) The cash amounts earned by each director are made up of the following amounts:
Name Annual Retainer Annual Committee Chair Retainer Annual Committee Retainer Total ($) Annual Retainer Annual Committee Chair Retainer Annual Committee Retainer Total ($)
A. Bradley Gabbard (4) 103,495
 
 20,000
 123,495
Derek C. Johnson (4) 82,550
 7,500
 10,000
 100,050
Gilbert Li (5) 129,369
 
 15,000
 144,369
Gilbert Li (4) 61,604
 5,833
 34,729
 102,166
R. Carter Pate 103,495
 12,500
 7,500
 123,495
 103,495
 12,500
 10,417
 126,412
J. Taylor Simonton 103,495
 20,000
 15,625
 139,120
 103,495
 20,000
 9,167
 132,662
L. Spencer Wells 103,495
 32,500
 20,000
 155,995
 103,495
 32,500
 25,833
 161,828
Paul A. Lang (6) 39,372
 
 7,292
 46,664
A. Bradley Gabbard (5) 43,123
 
 1,667
 44,790
Derek C. Johnson (5) 36,962
 3,125
 4,167
 44,254

(2) The grant date fair value of each share of our Common Stock granted to non-employee directors over their past year of service to us is set forth in the following table and is computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, based on the close price on the date of determination. There were no forfeitures by directors during fiscal 2017.2018.

Grantee Shares Value Determination Date Shares Value Determination Date
Gabbard, Johnson, Pate, Simonton and Wells (6) 25,825
 $236,560
 7/1/2017
Li, Pate, Simonton and Wells (4) 24,726
 $280,886
 7/1/2018
(3) As of December 31, 2017,2018, our non-employee directors held the following number of shares of unvested restricted stock, which were granted in 2017:2018: Mr. Gabbard—2,422,Li—6,508, Mr. Johnson—3,228,Pate—1,952, Mr. Li—0, Mr. Pate—2,422, Mr. Simonton—2,4221,952 and Mr. Wells—2,422.1,952.
(4) Messrs. Gabbard and Johnson have chosen not to stand for re-election at the Annual Meeting and will cease being directors at that time.
(5)Mr. Li received his annual retainer in cash to ensure Mr. Li did not trigger an "ownership change" as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code.
(6) Cash fees and shares issued for services from Mr. LangLi were paid or issued to Arch Coal, Inc.Alta Fundamental Advisers LLC. Mr. Lang servedLi received his 2017 annual retainer in cash to ensure Mr. Li did not trigger an "ownership change" as a directordefined in Section 382 of the Company until June 20, 2017.Internal Revenue Code. Mr. Li received his 2018 annual retainer in shares as his company was granted exemption under the TAPP.
(5) Messrs. Gabbard and Johnson did not stand for re-election at the 2018 Annual Meeting and ceased being directors at that time.

All directors receive reimbursement for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with meetings of our Board.

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
Common Stock

The following table provides information with respect to the beneficial ownership of the Company’s Common Stock by (1) each director of the Company, (2) each named executive officer currently serving the Company, (3) all directors and executive officers as a group, and (4) each person beneficially owning more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock. We base the share amounts shown on each person’s beneficial ownership as of March 31, 2018,2019, including options exercisable within 60 days thereof, unless we indicate some other basis for the share amounts. Percentage ownership is calculated based on 20,923,62318,735,871 shares outstanding as of March 31, 2018,2019, including securities deemed outstanding pursuant to Rule 13d-3(d)(1) under the Exchange Act. For persons beneficially owning more than 5% of our outstanding Common Stock, the Company has used the most recent ownership filings related to the below table. Except as noted below, each of the persons named below has sole voting and investment power for the respective shares.
Name (1) Current Shares Beneficially Owned (1) Percent of Shares Beneficially Owned
A. Bradley Gabbard (2) 34,480
 *
Ron Hanson 35,091
 *
Derek C. Johnson (2) 47,000
 *
Gilbert Li (3) 1,286,334
 6.15%
Greg P. Marken 46,629
 *
R. Carter Pate 11,054
 *
L. Heath Sampson (4) 636,941
 2.99%
Ted J. Sanders 26,580
 *
J. Taylor Simonton (5) 27,109
 *
Sharon M. Sjostrom 66,506
 *
L. Spencer Wells (6) 27,065
 *
Group Total    
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (11 persons) 1,839,457
 10.52%
Certain Other Owners:    
BlackRock, Inc. (7) 4,164,562
 19.90%
Apollo Global Management, LLC (8) 2,052,794
 9.81%
Franklin Resources, Inc. (9) 1,724,209
 8.24%
Greywolf Event Driven Master Fund (10) 1,239,210
 5.92%
Name (1) Current Shares Beneficially Owned (1) Percent of Shares Beneficially Owned
Brian Leen 
 *
Gilbert Li (2) 1,371,379
 7.32%
Greg P. Marken 57,262
 *
R. Carter Pate 14,958
 *
L. Heath Sampson (3) 797,554
 4.15%
Ted J. Sanders 35,789
 *
J. Taylor Simonton (4) 31,013
 *
L. Spencer Wells (5) 30,969
 *
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (8 persons) 2,338,924
 12.16%
Certain Other Owners:    
BlackRock, Inc. (6) 3,486,272
 18.61%
Franklin Resources, Inc. (7) 1,724,209
 9.20%
Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC (8) 1,404,131
 7.49%
The Vanguard Group, Inc. (9) 1,037,113
 5.54%

* Less than 1%
(1)Except as otherwise noted and for shares held by a spouse and other members of the person's immediate family who share a household with the named person, the named persons have sole voting and investment power over the indicated shares. This column also includes shares held in trust that are beneficially owned. Beneficial ownership of some or all of the shares listed may be disclaimed. The address of each of our named executive officers and directors is 640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129.
(2)
Our current directors, Messrs. Gabbard and Johnson have chosen not to stand for re-election to the Board at the annual meeting. 
(3)Based on a Form 4 filed for Alta Fundamental Advisers LLC on December 15, 201731, 2018 with the SEC reporting beneficial ownership as of that date. Alta Fundamental Advisers LLC has sole voting power over 1,286,3341,371,379 shares and sole dispositive power over 1,286,3341,371,379 shares. Alta Fundamental Advisers LLC's address is 777 Third Avenue, Suite 19A, New York, NY. Mr. Li, a member of the Board of Directors, is also a Manager of Alta Fundamental Advisers LLC and has dispositive powers.powers over these shares.
(4)(3) Includes 385,332485,332 shares of common stock that Mr. Sampson has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 31, 2018,2019, upon the exercise of stock options.
(5)(4) Includes 10,000 shares of common stock that Mr. Simonton has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 31, 2018,2019, upon the exercise of stock options.

(6)(5) Includes 10,000 shares of common stock that Mr. Wells has the right to acquire within 60 days of March 31, 2018,2019, upon the exercise of stock options.
(7)(6)Based on schedule 13G/A filed by BlackRock, Inc. on January 19, 201824, 2019 with the SEC reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2017.2018. BlackRock, Inc. has sole voting power over 4,162,6553,481,513 shares and sole dispositive power over 4,164,5623,486,272 shares. BlackRock, Inc.'s address is 55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY.
(8)(7)Based on schedule 13G filed by Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLCFranklin Resources, Inc. on February 12, 20187, 2017 with the SEC reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2017. Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC2018. Franklin Resources, Inc. has shared voting power over 1,171,4801,724,209 shares and shareshared dispositive power over 1,171,480 shares. Additionally, based on schedule 13F filed by Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. on February 14, 2018 with the SEC reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2017. Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. has sole voting power over 881,314 shares and sole dispositive power over 881,314 shares. Both Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC and Apollo Management Holdings, L.P. are managed by Apollo Global Management, LLC (8) and located at 9 W. 57th Street, New York, NY 10019.
(9) Based on schedule 13F filed by Franklin Resources, Inc. on February 14, 2018 with
power over 1,724,209 shares. From additional sources, the SEC reportingCompany understands this beneficial ownership information remains correct as of December 31, 2017. Franklin Resources, Inc. has sole voting power over 1,724,209 shares and sole dispositive power over 1,724,209 shares.2018. Franklin Resources, Inc.'s address is 101 John F. Kennedy Parkway, Short Hills, NJ 07078.
(10)(8) Based on schedule 13G/A filed by Greywolf Event Driven Master FundApollo Management Holdings GP, LLC on February 14, 201813, 2019 with the SEC reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2017. Greywolf Event Driven Master Fund2018. Apollo Management Holdings GP, LLC has shared voting power over 1,239,2101,404,313 shares and shared dispositive power over 1,239,2101,404,313 shares. Greywolf Event Driven Master Fund'sApollo Management Holdings GP, LLC's address is 4 Manhattanville Road, Suite 201, Purchase, NY.9 W. 57th Street, New York, NY 10019.
(9) Based on schedule 13G filed by The Vanguard Group, Inc. on February 11, 2019 with the SEC reporting beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2018. The Vanguard Group, Inc. has sole voting power and shared dispositive power over 35,277 shares. The Vanguard Group, Inc. has sole dispositive power over 1,001,836 shares. The Vanguard Group, Inc.'s address is 100 Vanguard Blvd., Malvern, PA 19355.
Restricted Stock Awards
Restricted stock awards ("RSA's") represent restricted shares of our Common Stock that will become unrestricted based upon vesting, subject to risk of forfeiture and cancellation. RSA's do not have voting rights, however,and, for those RSA's issued prior to January 1, 2017, they are entitled to receive cash payments equal to any cash dividends and other distributions, if and when declared, on our Common Stock. The RSA awards vest pursuant to dates established by their corresponding RSA agreement.

PROPOSAL TWO

APPROVAL, ON AN ADVISORY BASIS, OF THE COMPANY'S COMPENSATION PAID TO NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Pursuant to Section 14A of the Exchange Act, we are seeking a non-binding advisory vote on the compensation of named executive officers as disclosed in the section of this Proxy Statement titled "Executive Compensation." The Board proposes the following resolution for approval by the stockholders:
RESOLVED, that the stockholders approve the compensation of the Company’s named executive officers as disclosed in this Proxy Statement pursuant to the compensation disclosure rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (which includes the Compensation Discussion and Analysis, the compensation tables and related narrative discussion).
Board Recommendation
Our Board recommends a vote "FOR" the proposal to approve, on an advisory basis, the Company’s compensation paid to named executive officers.



Executive Officers of the Company
The following table sets forth certain information about our named executive officers as of the date of this Proxy Statement:
Name Age Position
L. Heath Sampson 4748 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Sharon M. Sjostrom51Chief Product Officer
Greg P. Marken 3637 Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
Ronald Hanson47Senior Vice President of Operations
Ted J. Sanders 4142 General Counsel
The specific experience, qualifications and background of each current executive officer isare as follows:
L. Heath Sampson is the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. See Mr. Sampson's specific experience, qualifications and background in the "Directors of the Company" section above.
Sharon M. Sjostrom has served as Chief Product Officer since July 2015, our Chief Technology Officer from January 2011 to July 2015 and as Vice President of Technology from January 2007 to December 2010. Previously she served the Company as director, technology development since 2003 when we acquired her company EMC Engineering, LLC, an engineering services company, where she served as President since 2002. Ms. Sjostrom has a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Colorado State University, an M.S. in mechanical engineering from the California Institute of Technology and an Executive M.B.A. from the University of Denver.
Greg P. Marken has served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since March 1, 2018. Previously, he was our Chief Accounting Officer, a position he held from June 2016 until his appointment as our Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Marken has served as our Secretary since August 2016. Mr. Marken joined ADES in January 2015 as the directorDirector of SEC reportingReporting and technical accounting, playing a key role in the Company's re-audit and restatement project to bring the Company current with its required regulatory filings.Technical Accounting. Prior to joining ADES, Mr. Marken held various positions, including Senior Manager, assurance services, at Ernst & Young, LLP from 2005 through 2015. He received his BBA in accounting and MS in finance from Texas A&M University. Mr. Marken is a CPA.
Ronald Hansen has served as Senior Vice President of Operations of the Company since June 2016. Mr. Hanson, joined the Company in 2011 and has served in various roles prior to his current position, including Vice President of Operations and Delivery, leading teams of project managers, engineers, designers, procurement and material logistics to deliver our wide range of advanced solutions for the coal-fired power industry. He has more than 23 years of experience in the industry. While at the Company, he also designed and built a patented (U.S. 9,017,452 B2) dense phase carbon injection system for mercury control in a baghouse/dry scrubber system for coal-fired power plants. Before joining the Company in 2011, Mr. Hanson held engineering and management roles over the span of 17 years at Dynamic Air, a company that specializes in material handling solutions for process and manufacturing industries. Mr. Hanson earned his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from North Dakota State University.

Ted J. Sanders has served as our General Counsel since February 2017. Since joining ADES in 2012, Ted has served in various roles including providing counsel on a wide range of corporate legal matters, and helped develop the company’s intellectual property portfolio from 14 to 4053 domestic and international patents. Prior to joining ADES, Ted was in private practice focusing on corporate and litigation matters. Prior to law school, Ted was a research and development engineer for the Ford Motor Company and the Hyundai-Kia America Technical Center, focusing on noise and vibration mitigation. Ted earned his Juris Doctorate with a concentration in intellectual property from the University of San Diego School of Law. He earned his B.S. in mechanical engineering degree from Case Western Reserve University.


EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Compensation Committee Report
The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with the Company’s management the Company’s Compensation Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.2018.
Based on the review and discussions with management, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 20172018 be included in this Proxy Statement for filing with the SEC.
Respectfully submitted,
The Compensation Committee:R. Carter Pate, Chairperson
 Gilbert Li
 J. Taylor SimontonL. Spencer Wells

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

In this Compensation Discussion and Analysis, we provide an analysis and explanation of our compensation program and the compensation earned by our executive officers in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.2018. Our Compensation Committee is charged with establishing the Company’s philosophy for executive compensation and approval, oversight, implementation and administration of executive compensation and benefits. Generally, the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company makes recommendations to the Compensation Committee regarding executive compensation other than for himself; however, authority to approve compensation, performance goals and objectives for all named executive officers is vested in the Compensation Committee.

Our Compensation Committee has the sole authority to engage and compensate a compensation adviser and for compensation for the years 2013-2015 engaged and used Longnecker & Associates (“Longnecker”) to advise the Company. Based on disclosures made by Longnecker, the Compensation Committee determined that Longnecker meets the independence criteria of Rule 10C-1 of the Exchange Act. Longnecker does not provide any other services to the Company.

In 2014 and 2015, Longnecker advised the Company on:
selection of a peer group of companies for purposes of analyzing and comparing executive compensation data and benchmarking Company performance;
executive officer base salaries and incentive compensation for 2013, 2014 and 2015;
development of STIP (defined below) metrics for 2013, 2014 and 2015; and
the compensation aspects of employment agreement terms for our executive officers, as described below.

For compensation awarded in 2016,2017 and 2018, in addition to extensive communications among its members, the Compensation Committee reviewed market compensation analysis provided by Longnecker for prior years andanalysis. Further, the Compensation Committee reviewed recommendations made by the Company’s management, which recommendations were based on market research conducted by the Company’s management and feedback from non-management directors.

Compensation awarded in 2017 and 2018 was based on recommendations of the Company's management for performance, experience and retention and was supported by generally available market data compiled by an executive compensation consulting firm other than Longnecker.

data.
Overview - Executive compensation philosophy

Our philosophy for executive compensation is set forth in a document entitled "Executive Compensation Philosophy and Objectives" (the "EC Philosophy") adopted by the Compensation Committee on January 2, 2014. The EC Philosophy, which our Compensation Committee continues to follow, is designed to support achievement of our strategies and goals, thereby creating long-term value for our stockholders and customers and ensuring our ability to recruit and retain highly qualified executive employees. Our EC Philosophy:

Supports our Company’s vision, mission, strategy, and values to generate profitability and sustained growth in the long-term best interests of our stockholders;

Aligns executive compensation with measures of performance tied to the strategic and operational performance of the business and stockholder returns;
Rewards executives on the basis of merit for individually and collectively achieving a leadership culture, innovation and excellence within the Company, and delivering sustained high performance to the Company, taking into consideration each executive’s qualifications, level of responsibility and contribution to the Company’s long termlong-term performance;
Encourages competency-building by linking career development, performance management and compensation rewards;
Attracts and retains the best executive talent and a highly qualified diverse workforce within a non-discriminatory, merit-based compensation program; and
Uses external compensation data to benchmark comparable positions in similar industries and companies within our geographical region as one key factor in establishing the competitiveness of our executive salaries, incentives and benefits.
Our Compensation Committee has made incentive cash bonuses and long termlong-term equity incentive awards consistent with the EC PhilosophyPhilosophy. The long-term equity incentive awards are made under our 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the "2017 Plan"). We

believe that our compensation policies and practices do not motivate excessive or imprudent risk-taking. We note the following key aspects of our compensation policies and practices in making this determination:

The Company’s EC Philosophy is based on balanced performance metrics that promote disciplined progress towards long-term Company goals in addition to the short-term health of the organization;
We do not offer significant short-term incentives that might drive high-risk investments at the expense of long-term Company value; and
The Company’s compensation programs are weighted towards offering long-term incentives.
Because of these factors, we believe that our compensation policies and practices, both for our employees and our executive officers, do not create risks that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company.

The Company provides its stockholders with the opportunity to cast an advisory vote on annual executive compensation (a “say-on-pay proposal”). At the Company’s Annual Meeting in 2017,2018, approximately 90.8%88.2% of the votes cast on the say-on-pay advisory vote regarding the executive compensation for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20162018 were in favor of the proposal, which the Compensation Committee reviewed in assessing executive compensation for the fiscal year endedending December 31, 2017.2019. Proposal 2 included in the Proxy Statement is a say-on-pay advisory vote regarding the executive compensation for the fiscal year endedending December 31, 20172019 as described in this Proxy Statement. The Compensation Committee will continue to consider the results of the Company’s say-on-pay votes when making future compensation decisions for the Company’s executive officers, including named executive officers.
Compensation of Named Executive Officers
The Company's named executive officers ("NEOs") for 20172018 were:
Name Age Positions
L. Heath Sampson 4748 President and Chief Executive Officer
Sharon M. SjostromGreg P. Marken 51Chief Product Officer
Greg P. Marken (1)3637 Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
Ronald Hanson47Senior Vice President of Operations of ADA-ES, Inc.
Ted J. Sanders 4142 General Counsel

(1) On March 1, 2018, Mr. Marken was appointed the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company. Prior to that date he was the Company's Chief Accounting Officer and Secretary.

The compensation for our NEOs currently consists of three elements: base salaries, annual incentive cash bonuses and long term equity incentive awards in the form of RSA's and, PSU's and, for Mr. Sampson, options to purchase our Common Stock. Executive compensation is designed to reward performance in a straightforward and transparent manner.


Base Salaries
Base salary is defined as ongoing, cash compensation paid bi-weekly based on such factors as job responsibilities, external competitiveness, and the individual’s experience and performance. Pay ranges have been set based on the market where the Company competes for similar positions, with consideration given for employees serving similar functions in comparable companies. Base salary is typically increased annually based on performance and cost of labor/living increases. With the use of market data, the Compensation Committee considers the size of and whether to grant merit increases based on data from comparable companies, as well as review of an officer's annual performance and meeting of objectives. The Company attempts to ensure middle market pay for solid performers and to consider higher levels of pay for outstanding performers. The Company does not intend to be a market leader in base compensation.
On April 24, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved an increase in Mr. Sampson’s base salary to $500,000 effective April 1, 2015 given his promotion to President and Chief Executive Officer (in addition to his continued role as Chief Financial Officer until Mr. Gabbard’s appointment as Chief Financial Officer in June 2015) based on the Compensation Committee’s review of market data and recommendation from Longnecker.
Effective July 1, 2015, the Compensation Committee approved an increase in Ms. Sjostrom's base salary to $285,000 given her promotion to Chief Product Officer based on the Compensation Committee's review of market data and recommendation from Longnecker.
On May 27, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved base salaries for Messrs. Hanson and Marken of $200,000 and $220,000, respectively. These base salaries were based on Messrs. Hanson's and Marken's promotion to Senior Vice President of Operations and Chief Accounting Officer, respectively.
On February 28, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved increases to the base salaries of Messrs. Marken and Sanders to $250,000 and $200,000, respectively, effective January 1, 2017 based on general market data compiled by and executive compensation advisory firm other than Longnecker and Mr. Sanders' promotion to General Counsel.
On March 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved an increase in Mr. Marken's base salary to $300,000, effective March 1, 2018, given his promotion to Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, in addition to his continued role as Secretary. On March 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved the base salariessalary of Ms. Sjostrom and Messrs. Hanson andMr. Sanders of $293,550, $208,000 and $220,000, respectively, effective April 1, 2018.
On February 27, 2019, the Compensation Committee approved an increase in Messrs. Sampson, Marken and Sanders base salaries to $525,000, $309,000 and $253,792, effective April 1, 2019, based on general market data.
Incentive Compensation
The Company uses incentive compensation in the form of stock and equity awards to motivate executives and align executive and stockholder interests. Incentive amounts are set based on job position and market practices. Incentives paid in cash are subject to payroll taxes and other customary withholdings. In addition to awards under the Company’s Short-Term Incentive Plan ("STIP") and Long-Term Incentive Plan ("LTIP"), we generally grant restricted stock awards to new executive officers.

The STIP is designed to motivate executives to achieve critical short-term goals, typically within a twelve-month period, that are expected to contribute to the long-term health and value of the Company. Incentives may be paid in cash or equity as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee adopted the Executive Short TermShort-Term Incentive Plan (“ESTIP”("ESTIP") in September 2015 to further establish terms and conditions for cash awards made under the STIP. The Compensation Committee makes STIP awards under the 2017 Plan and the ESTIP.
The LTIP is designed to align executives’ interests with those of the Company’s stockholders. Equity awards are the primary long-term incentive instrument and may be in the form of RSA's, PSU's, stock options or SAR's. Equity awards may vest immediately, over time based on continuous service, or over time based on achievement of certain performance goals, as determined by the Compensation Committee, considering accounting and regulatory restrictions and the financial condition of the Company. LTIP awards are made under the 2017 Plan. Generally, equity awards are granted on the same day that the Compensation Committee approves such grant. Exercise prices are set based on the closing market price on the grant date.
From time to time, the Board or Compensation Committee may recognize exemplary performance of any executive with a cash or equity award. Exemplary performance is performance that the Board or Compensation Committee determines to have required significant effort and commitment and is determined to have had a significant positive impact on the current or future performance of the organization. No suchother payments were made in 2018 and 2017 2016 or 2015 except as set forth below under the "Additional Executive Compensation Awards" section.
The stock portions of the 2017, 2016,2018 and 20152017 incentive awards are shown below in the Summary Compensation table under the "Stock Awards" column. The cash portions of the 2017, 2016,2018 and 20152017 incentive awards, which are defined under the STIP, are shown below in the Summary Compensation table under the "Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation" column.

STIP Incentive Compensation for 2016 and 20172018
On March 1, 2016,2018, the Compensation Committee acknowledged certain proposedestablished performance goals, as defined in the ESTIP, performance schedule and target amounts for the NEOs (the “2016 Bonus Guidelines”) but did not establish a 2016 ESTIP or grant any awards at that time. On October 16, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved short-term bonus guidelines (the "2016 CEO"2018 Bonus Guidelines") for 2016 for the Company's CEO. The 2016 CEO Bonus Guidelines set a target cash bonus of 100% of the CEO's base salary subject to adjustment based on performance goals to be approved by the Board.

.
On February 28, 2017,March 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee established cash bonus targets for the NEOs as set forth in the following table. Awards were tied to performance-based metrics approved by the Compensation Committee. Specific metrics are not disclosed for competitive reasons, but generally were tied to growing the refined coal business, maintaining SEC and legal compliance, and finalizing directional strategy for the Emissions Control business.
  Percentage of Base Salary
Named Executive Officer Maximum
L. Heath Sampson 100%
Sharon M. Sjostrom50%
Greg P. Marken50%
Ronald Hanson 50%
Ted J. Sanders 50%

In 2017, Mr.2018, Messrs. Sampson, Ms. Sjostrom, Messrs. Marken Hanson and Sanders were awarded a cash bonus at 100%85%, 60%95%, 100%, 88% and 100%95%, respectively, of the maximum target based on Company and individual performance goals approved by the Compensation Committee.

LTIP Incentive Compensation for 2017

2018
On February 28, 2017,March 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved grants of restricted stock awards for shares of the Company’s Common Stock to NEOs as set forth in the table below effective March 23, 2017.2018. The restricted stock awards for Messrs. Hanson, Marken and Sanders and Ms. Sjostrom vest annually at a rate of one-third over a three-year vesting period subject to each respective officer’s continuous service to the Company. The restricted stock awards for Mr. Sampson vest on the third annual anniversary of the grant date subject to Mr. Sampson’s continuous service to the Company.
Named Executive Officer Percentage of Base Salary Number of Restricted Shares Percentage of Base Salary Number of Restricted Shares
L. Heath Sampson 120% 60,000 100% 55,555
Sharon M. Sjostrom 35% 10,000
Greg P. Marken 50% 12,500 50% 16,667
Ronald Hanson 50% 10,000
Ted J. Sanders 50% 10,000 50% 12,222
STIP Incentive Compensation for 20182019

On March 1, 2018,February 27, 2019, the Compensation Committee established cash bonus targets for the NEOs as set forth in the following table. The performance goals on which the awards are based are based on Company and individual performance goals approved by the

Compensation Committee. Company performance goals include the attainment of performance-based metrics reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee. Specific metrics are not disclosed for competitive reasons, but generally are tied to growing the refined coal business, achieving certain financial metrics, maintaining SEC and legal compliance, and successfully integrating the Carbon Solutions Acquisition. Mr. Sampson’s 2019 bonus target includes opportunity for additional payments based on certain achievements in the refined coal business.
  Percentage of Base Salary
Named Executive Officer Maximum
L. Heath Sampson 100%
Sharon M. Sjostrom50%
Greg P. Marken50%
Ronald Hanson 50%
Ted J. Sanders 50%


LTIP Incentive Compensation for 20182019

On March 1, 2018,February 27, 2019, the Compensation Committee approved grants of restricted stock awards for shares of the Company’s Common Stock to NEOs as set forth in the table below, effective March 23, 2018.2019. The restricted stock awards for Messrs. Hanson, Marken and Sanders and Ms. Sjostrom vest annually at a rate of one-third over a three-year vesting period subject to each respective officer’s continuous service to the Company. The restricted stock awards for Mr. Sampson vest in two components: 50% vest annually at a rate of one-third over a three-year vesting period on the third annual anniversary of the grant date subject to Mr. Sampson’s continuous service to the Company.
Company, and 50% vest upon the achievement of certain financial metrics set by the Compensation Committee. Mr. Sampson’s 2019 stock award includes the opportunity for additional stock grants in the amount of 5,000 shares for each incremental amount by which the target financial metric is exceeded.
Named Executive Officer Percentage of Base Salary Number of Restricted Shares Percentage of Base Salary Number of Restricted Shares
L. Heath Sampson 100% 55,555 100% 55,000
Sharon M. Sjostrom 35% 11,556
Greg P. Marken 50% 16,667 50% 16,667
Ronald Hanson 50% 11,556
Ted J. Sanders 50% 12,222 50% 12,222
Additional Executive Compensation Awards
2016 Restricted Stock Awards to NEOs2018 Bonus for Successful Acquisition of Carbon Solutions
On December 11, 2015,March 1, 2019, the Compensation Committee approved the grantadditional cash bonus payments of a restricted stock award for 72,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock effective as of January 4, 2016$45,000 and $33,000, respectively, to Mr. SampsonMarken and Mr. Sanders. The cash bonuses were in recognition of the importance of Mr. Sampson continuing to serve the Company as CEO.  The restricted stock award vests annually at a rate of one-third over a three year vesting period subject to Mr. Sampson’s continuous serviceefforts in 2018 leading to the Company.
On May 10, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved the grantsuccessful acquisition of a restricted stock award for 20,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock to Ms. Sjostrom for retention purposesCarbon Solutions and were paid in recognition of service to be performed for the Company.
On May 27, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved the grants of restricted stock awards for 5,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock to each of Messrs. Hanson and Marken given their appointment as Senior Vice President of Operations of ADA-ES, Inc. and Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, respectively. The restricted stock awards vest one year after grant date and subject to the respective executive's continuous service to the Company.
2016 Equity Awards to CEO
On October 16, 2016, the Compensation Committee approved a grant of 50,000 restricted shares of the Company's Common Stock to Mr. Sampson that vests 25% annually over four years based on his continuous service to the Company and the following grants of stock options to Mr. Sampson ("CEO Options") to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock, all of which will vest, if at all, based on the achievement of certain Company performance metrics and subject to Mr. Sampson's continuous service to the Company: (1) an option to purchase 92,666 shares of the Company's Common Stock at an exercise price of $8.25 per share that expires on December 31, 2018; (2) an option to purchase 92,666 shares of the Company's Common Stock at an exercise price of $9.00 per share that expires on December 31, 2019; and (3) an option to purchase 92,666 shares of the Company's Common Stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share that expires on December 31, 2020. The CEO Options were granted under the Company's 2007 Plan and are subject to its terms and conditions.

March 2019.
Other Aspects of Executive Employment
In the event of a restatement of income, any overpayments of incentive pay made to executives based on such restatement of income may be reclaimed at the discretion of the Compensation Committee. ADES’ Insider Trading Policy prohibits directors and executives from entering into any transaction relating to hedging ADES securities, including zero-cost collars or forward-sale transactions.
We maintain key person term insurance for our Chief Executive Officer in the amount of $5 million and for our Chief Product Officer in the amount of $2 million. The policies may be assigned to the individuals upon termination of employment (other than for cause) whereupon the executive would be responsible for any premium payments. We maintain long term disability policies for executives of the Company for up to $162,000$174,000 per year.
Executives are encouraged to own a number of shares of the Company's Common Stock equal to a value of at least one times the annual base salary. Ownership is calculated considering holdings of restricted stock and PSU's, whether or not such

holdings have vested, private holdings, shares held in retirement accounts and other shares attributed to the executive in accordance with Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Holding of options to purchase shares of our Common Stock also will be considered in the ownership calculation by adding the value of the spread of in-the-money options to the total value of other holdings. The Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and the Chief Product OfficerGeneral Counsel of the Company met the executive equity ownership guidelines as of December 31, 2017. The Compensation Committee waived the executive equity ownership guidelines for the Company's other NEOs, given their recent appointments.2018.
So long as the stock ownership guidelines are met, executives may sell unrestricted stock and may exercise vested stock options and sell shares of the Company's Common Stock to pay for the exercise price and withholding tax, except as otherwise

provided for in the underlying stock option agreement. It is preferred that executives own shares of the Company's Common Stock for a period greater than twelve months before selling it. Executives are advised to seek pre-approval of any exercise of stock options or sale of shares of the Company's Common Stock at least 30 days in advance or the executive must be engaged in a pre-announced program sale in compliance with federal securities laws. All executive stock transactions must be made in compliance with our insider trading policy.
Pursuant to Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, executives leaving the Company are encouraged to hold their stock in the Company for at least six months after leaving the Company.
The Company's Profit Sharing Retirement Plan ("401(k) Plan") is available to all eligible employees, including named executive officers.NEOs. Prior to 2017, we made matching contributions to each eligible employee’s account up to seven percent of the employee’s eligible compensation, and, at the discretion of the Board, could make contributions based on the profitability of the Company to those accounts. In 2017,2018, we made our matching contributions in cash. No discretionary contributions were made to the 401(k) Plan in 20172018 other than as discussed above. Beginning in 2017, the Company elected to make safe harbor nonelective contributions to eligible employees. Pursuant to the safe harbor nonelective contributions notice, we make contributions to each eligible employee's account in an amount equal to three percent of eligible compensation, and will continue to do so unless the 401(k) Plan is amended or terminated.
 Employee and Company contributions to the 401(k) Plan are 100% vested.


Summary Compensation Table
The following table presents information regarding compensation earned by or awards to our NEOs during fiscal years 2017, 20162018 and 2015:2017:
Name and Principal Position Year Salary ($) Bonus ($) (1) Stock Awards ($) (2) Option Awards ($) (3) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (4) All Other Compensation ($) (5) Total ($) Year Salary ($) Bonus ($) (1) Stock Awards ($) (2) Option Awards ($) (3) Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (4) All Other Compensation ($) (5) Total ($)
                                
L. Heath Sampson 2017 500,000
 
 574,800
 
 500,000
 82,121
 1,656,921
 2018 500,000
 
 608,327
 
 425,750
 66,625
 1,600,702
President and Chief Executive Officer 2016 500,000
 
 923,700
 2,293,484
 879,157
 10,600
 4,606,941
 2017 500,000
 
 574,800
 
 500,000
 82,121
 1,656,921
 2015 464,780
 
 530,203
 2,550,000
 79,158
 15,104
 3,639,245
              
              
Sharon M. Sjostrom 2017 293,550
 
 95,800
 
 100,000
 8,100
 497,450
Chief Product Officer 2016 291,248
 
 156,400
 
 100,000
 10,600
 558,248
 2015 259,896
 50,000
 169,292
 
 106,875
 15,136
 601,199
              
Greg P. Marken (6) 2017 241,923
 
 119,750
 
 125,000
 8,100
 494,773
 2018 290,769
 45,000
 182,504
 
 142,500
 8,250
 669,023
Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary 2016 193,845
 
 215,369
 
 125,000
 10,600
 544,814
 2017 241,923
 
 119,750
 
 125,000
 8,100
 494,773
                            
Ronald Hanson 2017 200,000
 
 95,800
 
 88,000
 8,100
 391,900
Senior Vice President of Operations of ADA-ES, Inc. 2016 189,471
 
 150,450
 
 80,000
 10,156
 430,077
Ted Sanders 2018 214,615
 33,000
 133,831
 
 104,500
 8,250
 494,196
General Counsel 2017 193,808
 
 95,800
 
 100,000
 6,386
 395,994
                            
Ted J. Sanders 2017 193,808
 
 95,800
 
 100,000
 6,386
 395,994
General Counsel              

(1) Because our primary short-term incentive compensation arrangement for salaried employees (“STIP”("STIP") has mandatory performance measures that must be achieved before there is any payout to NEOs, amounts paid under the STIP are shown in the Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation column of the table, rather than the Bonus column. Amounts paidearned in 20152018 represent retention bonuses paid to certain executives.executives relating to the Carbon Solutions Acquisition.
(2) The amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair values of performance share units ("PSU") and RSA awards computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, "Compensation-Stock Compensation" ("FASB ASC Topic 718"). These grant date fair values have been determined based on the assumptions and methodologies discussed in Note 6 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. PSU awards are subject to market-based performance conditions relating to the relative placement of the Company’s total stockholder return (“TSR”) for the three-year performance period with approximately 75% of the award based on the relative performance of the Company’s TSR performance compared to the respective TSRs of a specified group of peer companies and the remaining portion of the award based on the Company’s TSR performance compared to the Russell 3000 Index.2018. The table below presents the PSU awards granted for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 based on an earned percentage of 100% (grant date fair value disclosed above) and an earned percentage of 200%, which is the highest level of performance conditions that can be achieved. The difference between the “Stock Award” amounts in the table above and the “PSU-if earned, target ($)” amounts in the table below representsrepresent the grant date fair values attributable to the RSA awards.
Name and Principal Position Year PSU - if earned, target ($) PSU - if earned, maximum ($)
L. Heath Sampson 2015 293,958
 587,916
Sharon M. Sjostrom 2015 93,147
 186,294
Greg P. Marken 2015 
 
Ronald Hanson 2015 
 
Ted J. Sanders 2015 
 

(3) The amounts in this column represent the aggregate grant date fair values of stock options computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. These grant date fair values have been determined based on the assumptions and methodologies discussed in Note 6 of the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
(4) The amountamounts in this column for Mr. Sampson in 2016 represents the bonus earned under the STIP cash award, included as part of Mr. Sampson's compensation package upon his hiring, and a discretionary bonus earned upon filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 with the SEC. The other amounts in the column represent the bonuses earned in the year under the STIP.
(5) The All other compensation amounts earned by each NEO are made up of the amounts in the table below:
Name Year Matching contributions to 401(k) ($) Other ($) (7) Total ($) Year Matching contributions to 401(k) ($) Severance ($) Other ($) (7) Total ($)
L. Heath Sampson 2017 8,100
 74,021
 82,121
 2018 8,250
 
 58,375
 66,625
 2016 10,600
 
 10,600
 2017 8,100
 
 74,021
 82,121
 2015 15,104
 
 15,104
        
      
Sharon M. Sjostrom 2017 8,100
 
 8,100
 2016 10,600
 
 10,600
 2015 15,136
 
 15,136
      
Greg P. Marken 2017 8,100
 
 8,100
 2018 8,250
 
 
 8,250
 2016 10,600
 
 10,600
 2017 8,100
 
 
 8,100
              
Ronald Hanson 2017 8,100
 
 8,100
Ted Sanders 2018 8,250
 
 
 8,250
 2016 10,156
 
 10,156
 2017 6,386
 
 
 6,386
      
Ted J. Sanders 2017 6,386
 
 6,386

(6) On March 1, 2018, Mr. Marken was appointed the Chief Financial Officer, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company. Prior to that date he was the Company's Chief Accounting Officer and Secretary.
(7) The amountamounts in this column for Mr. Sampson relatesrelate to dividends paid on unvested participating RSA awards.

Equity Compensation Plans (Stock Incentive Plans)
2010 Non-Management Compensation and Incentive Plan
During 2010, the Board adopted the 2010 Non-Management Compensation and Incentive Plan ("2010 Plan"), which authorized the issuance of shares of Common Stock, restricted stock or other rights or benefits under the plan to non-management employees and consultants. The Board approved the 2010 Plan in March 2011, readopted such plan in February 2012, and our stockholders approved the plan at the 2012 Annual Meeting. The purposes of the 2010 Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel, to provide additional incentives to non-management employees and consultants and to promote the success of the Company’s business. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2010 Plan is limited to 600,000.

The 2010 Plan will end 10 years after the date of its adoption, if not earlier terminated by the Board. The Company, however, following the adoption of the 2017 Plan described below does not plan to utilize the 2010 Plan for any future awards. The Compensation Committee is the plan administrator of the 2010 Plan. During 2017, 56,592 RSA's were granted from the 2010 Plan.

2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan
During 2017, the Board adopted the 2017 Plan, which authorized the issuance of shares of Common Stock, restricted stock or other rights or benefits under the plan to any employee, director, or consultant of the Company or its subsidiaries. The Board approved the 2017 Plan in April 2017 and our stockholders approved the plan at the 2017 Annual Meeting. The purposes of the 2017 Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel, to provide additional incentives to employees and consultants and to promote the success of the Company's business. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the 2017 Plan is limited to 2,000,000.


The 2017 Plan will end 10 years after the date of its adoption, if not earlier terminated by the Board. It may be amended, modified or terminated at any time if and when it is advisable in the absolute discretion of the Board, although certain amendments are subject to approval of regulatory bodies and our stockholders. The Compensation Committee is the plan administrator of the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan. During 2017, 31,9842018, 205,998 RSA's were granted from the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2017, 1,968,0162018, 1,762,732 shares of Common Stock are available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.

Grants of Plan-Based Awards
The following table presents information regarding grants of Plan-based awards to our NEOs during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.2018.
 Grant Date Estimated future payouts under equity incentive plan awards All other options awards: number of securities of underlying options (#) Exercise or base price of option awards ($/sh)Grant date fair value of stock and option awards Grant Date Estimated future payouts under equity incentive plan awards All other options awards: number of securities of underlying options (#) Exercise or base price of option awards ($/sh) Grant date fair value of stock and option awards
Name Threshold (#) Target (#) Maximum (#)   Threshold (#) Target (#) Maximum (#) 
L. Heath Sampson 3/23/2017(1)
 60,000
 
 
 
574,800
 3/23/2018(1)
 55,555
 
 
 
 608,327
Sharon M. Sjostrom 3/23/2017(2)
 10,000
 
 
 
95,800
Greg P. Marken 3/23/2017(2)
 12,500
 
 
 
119,750
 3/23/2018(2)
 16,667
 
 
 
 182,504
Ronald Hanson 3/23/2017(2)
 10,000
 
 
 
95,800
Ted J. Sanders 3/23/2017(2)
 10,000
 
 
 
95,800
 3/23/2018(2)
 12,222
 
 
 
 133,831
(1) This amount represents RSA's that have no threshold or maximum amounts. The RSA's vest in full on March 23, 2020.2021. Prior to vesting, the RSA's are subject to transfer restrictions and may be forfeited upon termination of employment. The RSA's are eligible to accrue dividends prior to vesting and will receive payment of accrued dividends upon vesting. Holders of RSA's have no rights as stockholders of Common Stock, until such time as the RSA's are settled for shares of Common Stock as of the vesting date. 
(2) This amount represents RSA's that have no threshold or maximum amounts. The RSA's vest in equal installments on March 23, 2018, March 23, 2019 and March 23, 2020.
(2)This amount represents RSA's that have no threshold or maximum amounts. The RSA's vest in equal installments on March 23, 2019, March 23, 2020 and March 23, 2021. Prior to vesting, the RSA's are subject to transfer restrictions and may be forfeited upon termination of employment. The RSA's are eligible to accrue dividends prior to vesting and will receive payment of accrued dividends upon vesting. Holders of RSA's have no rights as stockholders of Common Stock, until such time as the RSA's are settled for shares of Common Stock as of the vesting date. 

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year End
The following table provides information regarding outstanding RSA and PSU equity awards held by our NEO's as of December 31, 2017:2018:
 Stock awards Stock awards
Name Number of shares that have not vested (#)  Market value of shares that have not vested ($) (1) Equity incentive plan awards: number of unearned units that have not vested (#)  Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned units that have not vested ($) (1) Number of shares that have not vested (#)  Market value of shares that have not vested ($) (1) Equity incentive plan awards: number of unearned units that have not vested (#)  Equity incentive plan awards: market or payout value of unearned units that have not vested ($) (1)
L. Heath Sampson 4,861
(2) 46,957
 14,583
(9) 140,872
 24,000
(2) 253,200
 
 
 48,000
(3) 463,680
 
 
 25,000
(3) 263,750
 
 
 37,500
(4) 362,250
 
 
 60,000
(4) 633,000
 
 
 60,000
(5) 579,600
 
 
 55,555
(5) 586,105
 
 
Sharon M. Sjostrom 1,609
(2) 15,543
 4,823
(9) 46,590
 10,000
(6) 96,600
 
 
Greg P. Marken 2,773
(7) 26,787
 
 
 8,334
(6) 87,924
 
 
 12,500
(6) 120,750
 
 
 16,667
(7) 175,837
 
 
Ronald Hanson 10,000
(6) 96,600
 
 
Ted J. Sanders 201
(8) 1,942
 
 
Ted Sanders 6,667
(6) 70,337
 
 
 10,000
(6) 96,600
 
 
 12,222
(7) 128,942
 
 
(1) The market value of RSA's and PSU's that have not vested is calculated using the closing price of $9.66$10.55 of our Common Stock on December 31, 2017. The market value of PSU's is calculated based upon an attainment level of the target amount.2018.
(2) These RSA's vested one-third on January 2, 2016, one-third on January 2, 2017, and one-third January 2, 2018.

(3) These RSA's vested one-third on January 2, 2017, and one-third on January 2, 2018 and the remaining will vest one-third on January 2, 2019.
(4)(3) These RSA's vested one-fourth on October 16, 2017, and the remaining will vest one-fourth on October 16, 2018, and the remaining will vest one-fourth on October 16, 2019, and one-fourth on October 16, 2020.
(5)(4) These RSA's will vest in full on March 23, 2020.
(5) These RSA's will vest in full on March 23, 2021.
(6) These RSA's vested one-third on March 23, 2018 and the remaining will vest one-third on March 23, 2019, and the remaining will vest one-third on March 23, 2020.
(7) These RSA's vested one-third on May 11, 2016,March 23, 2019, and the remaining will vest one-third on January 12, 2017March 23, 2020 and one-third on January 12, 2018.
(8) These RSA's vested 10% on March 29, 2015, 20% on March 29, 2016, 30% on March 29, 2017 and 40% on March 29, 2018.
(9) These PSU's vested on March 1, 2018. The PSU's were subject to a three-year performance period ending December 31, 2017. The award is reported at an earned percentage of 100%.23, 2021.
The following tables provide information regarding outstanding option awards held by our NEOs as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017:2018:
    Option awards
Name Grant Date Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable Option exercise price ($) Option expiration date
L. Heath Sampson 6/5/15 200,000
 100,000
 13.87
 6/5/2020
  10/16/16 92,666
 
 8.25
 12/31/2018
  10/16/16 92,666
 
 9.00
 12/31/2019
  10/16/16 
 92,666
 10.00
 12/31/2020
Sharon M. Sjostrom  
 
 
 
Greg P. Marken  
 
 
 
Ronald Hanson  
 
 
 
Ted J. Sanders  
 
 
 
    Option awards
Name Grant Date Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) exercisable Number of securities underlying unexercised options (#) unexercisable Option exercise price ($) Option expiration date
L. Heath Sampson 6/5/15 300,000
 
 13.87
 6/5/2020
  10/16/16 92,666
 
 9.00
 12/31/2019
  10/16/16 92,666
 
 10.00
 12/31/2020
Option Exercises and Stock Vested for Fiscal Year End
The following table provides information regarding options exercised and stock vested on an aggregate basis by our NEOs as of December 31, 2017:2018:
  Option awards Stock awards
Name Number of shares acquired on exercise (#) Value realized on exercise ($) Number of shares acquired on vesting (#) (1) Value realized on vesting ($) (1)
L. Heath Sampson (2) 
 
 46,200
 459,264
Sharon M. Sjostrom (3) 
 
 24,197
 235,468
Greg Marken (4) 
 
 22,774
 195,821
Ronald Hanson (5) 
 
 20,111
 171,326
Ted J Sanders (6) 
 
 7,651
 62,855
  Option awards Stock awards
Name Number of shares acquired on exercise (#) Value realized on exercise ($) Number of shares acquired on vesting (#) (1) Value realized on vesting ($) (1)
L. Heath Sampson (2) 92,666
 281,705
 53,665
 525,540
Greg Marken (3) 
 
 6,939
 70,131
Ted J Sanders (4) 
 
 3,534
 38,792

(1) The value realized on vesting and settlement of the RSA's and PSU's is computed by multiplying the number of shares of Common Stock issued upon the vesting and settlement of RSA's or settlement of PSU's by the per share closing market price of the underlying shares on the date of settlement, or, if the settlement date was not a normal market trading date, then on the last normal market trading date which preceded the settlement date.
(2) The per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards that vested and settled on January 2, 2017,2018, February 28, 20172018 and October 16, 20172018 were $9.24, $10.77$9.50, $9.64 and $11.42,$10.62, respectively.
(3) The per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards that vested and settled on January 2, 2017, February 28, 2017 and May 10, 2017 were $9.24, $10.77 and $9.71, respectively.
(4) The per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards was $9.20$8.84 on January 12, 2017 and $8.19 on April 14, 20172018 for the vesting and settlement of RSA awards that were issued prior to Mr. Marken's appointment as Chief Accounting Officer. The

per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards was $9.49$10.95 on June 12, 2017March 23, 2018 for the vesting and settlement of RSA awards that were issued uponfollowing Mr. Marken's appointment to Chief Accounting Officer.
(5)(4) The per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards was $9.24$11.42 on January 2, 2017 and $8.19 on April 14, 2017March 29, 2018 for vesting and settlement of RSA awards that were issued prior to Mr. Hanson'sSanders's appointment as SVP of Operations.General Counsel. The per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards was $9.49$10.95 on June 12, 2017March 23, 2018 for the vesting and settlement of RSA awards that were issued uponfollowing Mr. Hanson'sSanders's appointment to SVP of Operations.
(6) The per share average market price used for the computation of the stock awards that vested and settled on March 29, 2017 and April 14, 2017 were $9.47 and $8.19, respectively.as General Counsel.
Pension Benefits
No retirement payments or benefits were paid to any NEO of the Company in the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 20162018 and 20152017 except those matching contributions paid under the 401(k) Plan, which is a tax-qualified defined contribution plan.
Nonqualified Deferred Compensation
The Company does not currently have any nonqualified deferred compensation plans that apply to the NEOs nor are any such plans contemplated at this time.
Employment Contracts and Termination of Employment and Change-in-Control Arrangements
Potential Payments upon Termination or Change-in-Control
The amounts in this table assume the Company elects a one-year compliance period for the restrictive covenants as described below, except in the case of termination due to death or permanent disability, if a Change-in-Control event or termination of employment that triggers severance payments occurred on December 31, 2017.2018.
Name Cash Severance Payments ($) Cash Bonus Payments ($) (a) Vesting of Equity Awards ($) (a) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($) Cash Severance Payments ($) Cash Bonus Payments ($) (a) Vesting of Equity Awards ($) (a) All Other Compensation ($) Total ($)
L. Heath Sampson 500,000
 
 1,593,359
 27,665
 2,121,024
 500,000
 500,000
 1,736,055
 30,811
 2,766,866
Sharon M. Sjostrom 293,550
 
 158,733
 19,821
 472,104
Greg P. Marken 137,500
 
 147,537
 17,290
 302,327
 300,000
 150,000
 263,761
 30,811
 744,572
Ronald Hanson 125,000
 
 96,600
 13,832
 235,432
Ted J. Sanders 125,000
 
 98,542
 17,290
 240,832
 220,000
 110,000
 199,279
 30,811
 560,090
(a) In the event of a termination due to death or permanent disability, only cash bonus payments and vesting of equity awards are paid. As of December 31, 2017, no STIP for 2018 had been approved by the Compensation Committee.

Employment Agreements
We have executed employment agreements with all of our named executive officers. Each of the employment agreements generally contain provisions related to the position, duties, authority, obligations, compensation and benefits of the respective executive officer, including the obligation of the NEO to devote full time to the fulfillment of his/her obligations. Under each of the employment agreements, each of our NEOs is subject to customary provisions relating to inventions and confidential subject matter developed by such NEO, including provisions that relate to the assignment of such inventions and confidential subject matter to the Company and that copyright works are "work for hire." Certain restrictive obligations related to confidential subject matter will survive the termination of an NEO’s employment with the Company.

In 2014, we amended the employment agreements of our existing executive officers at the time including, among others, Ms. Sjostrom (the “2014 Amendment”"2014 Amendment"). The 2014 Amendment clarifies the Company's and the executive officer's obligations in the event of death, disability or termination of employment. The amendments also contain certain covenants addressing non-competition, non-solicitation and non-divergence. Similarly, our executive officers hired after 2014 have executed a rider (the “Rider”) to their employment agreements that contain provisions and covenants similar to those contained in the 2014 Amendment.

Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreements, as amended, upon termination of employment we must pay the terminated executive his or her base salary and other accrued benefits through the termination date. We must also pay additional amounts depending upon whether the termination was for or without "Cause" or "Good Reason," or whether the termination was for or without Cause or Good Reason following a "Change in Control."


If we terminate the executive’s employment without Cause or if the executive resigns for Good Reason, we must pay the executive 12 months (7.5 months in the case of Messrs. Hanson, Marken and Sanders) base salary. Additionally, for Ms. Sjostrom, we must also pay a pro-rated portion of short term incentive cash bonuses that would have been earned if the executive had been employed for the full year (2x if we elect to exercise our option to enforce a 24 month non-compete) as well as pay in stock the value of certain unvested equity awards.

If we terminate the executive’s employment without Cause or if the executive resigns for Good Reason within 12 months following a Change in Control, we must pay 12 months (7.5 months in the case of Messrs. Hanson, Marken and Sanders) base salary (2x in the case of Ms. Sjostrom) and the pro-rated portion of short term incentive cash bonuses that would have been earned if the executive had been employed for the full year (2x in the case of Ms. Sjostrom) as well as pay in stock the value of certain unvested equity awards.

If Ms. Sjostrom resigns for a reason other than Good Reason within the period of time which is 3 months prior through 6 months following a Change in Control, and we elect to exercise our option to enforce either a 12 or 24 month non-compete, we must pay the applicable 12 or 24 months base salary and the pro-rated portion of short term incentive cash bonuses that would have been earned if the executive had been employed for the full year (2x if we elect to exercise our option to enforce a 24 month non-compete) as well as pay in stock the value of certain unvested equity awards.

For purposes of the 2014 Amendment, "Cause" means one or more of the following, where such conduct has had or is reasonably likely to have a material detrimental effect on the Company or a related person: (i) dishonesty, willful misconduct, or material breach of the Company’s Code of Conduct; (ii) felony conviction of a crime involving dishonestly, breach of trust or physical harm to any person; or (iii) a breach of any fiduciary duty.

For purposes of the Rider, "Cause" means (i) the failure by an executive to substantially perform the essential functions of executive’s duties or obligations in a satisfactory manner or material breach of any written agreement with us or an affiliate; (ii) dishonesty, willful misconduct, or material breach of our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, knowing violation of any federal or state securities or tax laws, or any misconduct that is, or is reasonably likely to be, materially injurious to us or an affiliate; (iii) conviction of or plea of guilty or no contest to a crime involving dishonesty, breach of trust or physical harm to any person; or (iv) a breach of any fiduciary duty and such conduct has had or is reasonably likely to have a material detrimental effect on us or a related person.

For purposes of all of the employment agreements of our executive officers, "Good Reason" means a material (and permanent in the case of the Riders) reduction in the executive’s compensation, a material diminution in authority, duties or responsibilities, or a relocation of more than 50 miles, subject to our right to cure. A "Change in Control" means a change in our ownership or control effected by a direct or indirect acquisition of more than 50% of our total combined voting power, replacement of our directors by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by our directors serving immediately prior to such replacement, or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of our assets.




Chief Executive Officer Pay Ratio
As required by Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K, we are providing the following information with respect to our last completed fiscal year (2017). The pay ratio reported below is a reasonable estimate calculated in a manner consistent with Item 402(u) of Regulation S-K.
We have estimated the median of the 2017 annual total compensation of our employees, excluding our CEO, to be $117,584. The annual total compensation of our CEO was $1,656,921. The ratio of the annual total compensation of our CEO to the estimated median of the annual total compensation of our employees was 14 to 1.
To identify the median employee, as well as to determine the annual total compensation of our median employee and our CEO, we took the following steps:
We determined our employee population, for purposes of this disclosure, as of October 31, 2017;
To identify the median employee from our employee population, we used the same methodology that we used to determine the annual total compensation of the CEO during the ten-month period ending on October 31, 2017 as a consistently applied compensation measure. Because all our employees are located in the United States, we did not make any cost-of-living adjustments;
Once we identified our median employee, we calculated the annual total compensation of the median employee using the same methodology that we used to determine the annual total compensation of the CEO, as reported in the Summary Compensation Table within the Executive Compensation section;
With respect to the annual total compensation of our CEO, we used the amount reported in the "Total" column for 2017 in the Summary Compensation Table within the Executive Compensation section.
The pay ratio rules provide companies with flexibility to select the methodology and assumptions used to identify the median employee, calculate the median employee's compensation and estimate the pay ratio. As a result, our methodology may differ from those used by other companies, which likely will make it very difficult to compare pay ratios with other companies, including those within our industry.

PROPOSAL THREE
RATIFICATION OF APPOINTMENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Our Audit Committee has appointed Moss Adams LLP ("Moss Adams") to be the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.2019. Moss Adams has served as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm since 2017, including the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
Stockholder ratification of the Audit Committee’s selection of Moss Adams as our independent registered public accounting firm as requested in Proposal 3 is not required by our bylaws or otherwise. The Board is submitting this proposal to the stockholders for ratification as a matter of good corporate practice. If the stockholders fail to ratify the selection, the Audit Committee will reconsider whether or not to retain this firm. We anticipate that a representative of Moss Adams will be available to respond to stockholder questions and will have the opportunity to make a statement at that time if the representative desires to do so.
Additional information about Audit Fees and Audit Committee Approval of Services can be found under the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm section of this Proxy Statement.
Board Recommendation
Our Board recommends a vote "FOR" the ratification of the Audit Committee's appointment of Moss Adams LLP as the company's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31, 20182019.


REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE
The Audit Committee’s role and functions are described under the "Corporate Governance" section of this Proxy Statement.

The Audit Committee held nine meetings in 2017.2018. The Audit Committee has (i) reviewed and discussed the Company’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 20172018 with the Company’s management; (ii) discussed with the Company’s current independent registered public accounting firm, Moss Adams, the matters required to be discussed by PCAOB standards regarding communication with audit committees, including the overall scope and plans for their audits; and (iii) received the written disclosures and the letter from Moss Adams required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding communications with the Audit Committee concerning independence and has discussed with Moss Adams such independence.

As further discussed under the "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" section of this Proxy Statement, on November 16, 2017, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of Moss Adams, following its combination on November 16, 2017 with Hein & Associates, LLP ("Hein"), to serve as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Hein had served as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm since June 12, 2015 and had audited the Company's financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013 and 2012 and had been appointed as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 on April 12, 2017.

Based on the review and discussions with management, and the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board that the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 20172018 and 20162017 and for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017, 20162018 and 20152017 be included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172018 (the "2017"2018 Form 10-K").

On April 6, 2018,February 27, 2019, the Audit Committee approved the engagement of Moss Adams to serve as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm to audit the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year endedending December 31, 2018.2019. This appointment for 20182019 was based on the Audit Committee’s and management’s completion of a written evaluation of Moss Adams’ performance which included, among other criteria, quality of services provided; sufficiency of the firm’s resources; communications and interaction; and independence, objectivity and professional skepticism.


Respectfully submitted,
 
  
The Audit Committee:J. Taylor Simonton, Chairperson
 Derek C. JohnsonGilbert Li
 R. Carter Pate

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Effective November 16, 2017, Moss Adams combined with Hein & Associates, LLP ("Hein"), who had served as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm since 2015. As a result of this transaction, on November 16, 2017, Hein resigned as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company. Concurrent with such resignation, ourthe Audit Committee approved the engagement of Moss Adams as the independent registered public accounting firm for the Company for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.
In approving the selection of Moss Adams as the Company's independent registered public accounting firm for the year ending December 31, 2018, the Audit Committee and management completed a written evaluation of Moss Adams’ performance which included, among other criteria, quality of services provided; sufficiency of the firm’s resources; communications and interaction; and independence, objectivity and professional skepticism.2018.
There were no disagreements on matters of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosures or audit scope or procedures between the Company and Moss Adams during the most recent fiscal year or any subsequent interim period.year.
The following table summarizes the fees of Moss Adams (and its predecessor, Hein), our independent registered public accounting firm, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 20172018 and 2016,2017, respectively.
 2017 2016 2018 2017
(in thousands) Moss Adams Hein Hein Moss Adams Moss Adams Hein
Audit fees (1) $279
 $205
 $524
 $415
 $279
 $205
Audit-related fees (2) 
 47
 30
 68
 
 47
Tax fees (3) 
 
 
 
 
 
All other fees (4) 
 
 
 
 
 
 $279
 $252
 $554
 $483
 $279
 $252
(1) This category includes fees related to the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements; the review of our quarterly consolidated financial statements; comfort letters, consents, and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC; and financial reporting consultation and research work billed as audit fees or necessary to comply with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).
(2)This category consists of fees for audit-related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidated financial statements. Audit-related fees include fees related to audits of employee benefit plans and compliance audits.
(3)This category consists of fees for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning services. We did not pay our independent registered public accounting firm tax fees for services during the years ended December 31, 20162017 and 2017.2018.
(4) This category consists of fees for services that are not included in the above categories. We did not pay our independent registered public accounting firm any other fees for services during the years ended December 31, 20162017 and 2017.2018.
AUDIT COMMITTEE APPROVAL OF SERVICES

The Audit Committee pre-approves all audit or non-audit services performed by our independent registered public accounting firm in accordance with Audit Committee policy and applicable law. The Audit Committee generally provides pre-approval of audit services and services associated with SEC registration statements, other SEC filings and responses to SEC comment letters (audit fees) and services related to internal control reviews, internal control reporting requirements and consultations with our management as to accounting or disclosure treatment of transactions or events and the impact of rules, standards or interpretations by the SEC and other regulatory or standard-setting bodies (audit-related fees) for each 12 month period within a range of approved fees. To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the law prohibits the Company from obtaining certain non-audit services from its independent registered public accounting firm. The Audit Committee has delegated authority to approve permissible services to its Chairman.Chairperson. The ChairmanChairperson reports such pre-approvals to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting. The Audit Committee ChairmanChairperson pre-approved 100% of the services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm in 2017.2018. None of the services of the independent registered public accounting firms in 20172018 were of the type specified in Rule 2-01(c)(7)(i)(C) of Regulation S-X.

PROPOSAL FOUR
APPROVAL OF THE SECOND AMENDMENT TO THE COMPANY'S TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN
 
The Board is asking stockholders to approve the Second Amendment Tax Asset Protection Plan, as amended on April 6, 2018 and April 5, 2019 (the "TAPP"). If our stockholders do not approve the TAPP at the 20182019 Annual Meeting, itthe TAPP will automatically expire on the business day following the meeting.December 31, 2019.
Background
We believe that we have valuable tax attributes which are significant assets of the Company. As of December 31, 2017,2018, we had several domestic tax attributes, including federal net operating losses and general business credit carry-overs of approximately $100.4$104.6 million (the "Tax Assets"). Under the Internal Revenue Code and regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, the Company may carry forward or otherwise utilize these Tax Assets in certain circumstances to offset any current and future taxable income and thus reduce the Company’s federal income tax liability, subject to certain requirements and restrictions. To the extent that the Tax Assets do not otherwise become limited, the Company believes that it will have available a significant amount of Tax Assets in future years, and therefore these Tax Assets could be a substantial asset to the Company.
Our ability to use the Tax Assets could be substantially limited or delayed, however, if we experience an "ownership change," as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, an ownership change occurs if there is a cumulative change in the ownership of the Company by 5% stockholders (as defined for tax purposes) that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Accordingly, on May 5, 2017, after consultation with the Company’s legal and tax advisors, the Board adopted a Tax Asset Protection Plan (the "Original TAPP")the TAPP in order to protect the Company’s ability to utilize its Tax Assets and on April 6, 2018 the Board approvedamended the TAPP to amendextend the Originalexpiration thereof and on April 5, 2019 the Board again amended the TAPP to further extend the expiration thereof.
Calculating whether an "ownership change" has occurred is subject to uncertainty. This uncertainty arises from the complexity and ambiguity inherent in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, as well as limitations on the knowledge that any publicly traded company can have about the ownership of and transactions in its securities. We have analyzed the information available, along with various scenarios of possible future changes in ownership. In light of this analysis, we believe that, in the absence of the TAPP, it is possible that we could undergo a subsequent "ownership change" under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, which would substantially reduce our ability to utilize the Tax Assets. We believe the implementation of the TAPP will serve the interests of all stockholders given the size of the Tax Assets and the potential loss of value should changes in our stock ownership occur that are sufficient to cause a 50 percentage point or greater "ownership change."
The TAPP is intended to act as a deterrent to any person acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock without the approval of the Board. Stockholders who beneficially owned 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock upon execution of the TAPP will not trigger the TAPP so long as they do not acquire beneficial ownership of additional shares of Common Stock. The Board may, in its sole discretion, also exempt any person from triggering the TAPP.
If the stockholders do not approve the TAPP, the TAPP will expire on the business day following the 2018 Annual Meeting.December 31, 2019. If the stockholders approve the TAPP, it will expire on the earlier of (a) December 31, 2019,2020, (b) the time at which the Rights (described below) are redeemed pursuant to the TAPP, (c) the time at which the Rights are exchanged in full pursuant to the TAPP, (d) the effective date of the repeal of both Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, or any successor provisions or replacement provisions, if the Board determines that the TAPP is no longer necessary for the preservation of tax benefits or (e) the beginning of a taxable year of the Company for which the Board determines that the Company has or will have no Tax Assets.

Board Recommendation
The Board recommends that you vote “FOR” the approval of the Company’s Tax Asset Protection Plan.


Summary of Terms of the TAPP
The following description of the terms of the TAPP does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the TAPP, which is attached as AppendixAnnex A and is incorporated herein by reference. We urge you to read carefully the Original TAPP and TAPP in theirits entirety, as the discussion below is only a summary.

The Rights. On May 5, 2017, the Board declared a dividend of one preferred share purchase right (each, a "Right") for each outstanding share of Common Stock to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 22, 2017. One Right is also issued together with each share of Common Stock issued after May 22, 2017 but before the Distribution Date (as defined below) and, in certain circumstances, after the Distribution Date. Subject to the terms, provisions and conditions of the TAPP, if

the Rights become exercisable, each Right would initially represent the right to purchase from the Company one ten-thousandth of a share of the Company’s Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Series B Preferred Stock") for a purchase price of $50.00 (the "Purchase Price"). If issued, each fractional share of Series B Preferred Stock would give the stockholder approximately the same dividend, voting and liquidation rights as does one share of Common Stock. However, prior to exercise, a Right does not give its holder any rights as a stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, any dividend, voting or liquidation rights.
Initial Exercisability. The Rights will not be exercisable until the earlier of (i) ten business days after a public announcement that a person has become an "Acquiring Person"“Acquiring Person” by acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock, or, in the case of a person that had beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock upon execution of the TAPP, by obtaining beneficial ownership of additional shares of Common Stock or (ii) ten business days (or such later date as may be specified by the Board prior to such time as any person becomes an Acquiring Person) after the commencement of a tender or exchange offer by or on behalf of a person that, if completed, would result in such person becoming an Acquiring Person.
The date that the Rights become exercisable is referred to as the "Distribution Date." Until the Distribution Date, Common Stock certificates or the ownership statements issued with respect to uncertificated shares of Common Stock will evidence the Rights. Any transfer of shares of Common Stock prior to the Distribution Date will also constitute a transfer of the associated Rights. After the Distribution Date, separate rights certificates will be issued and the Rights may be transferred other than in connection with the transfer of the underlying shares of Common Stock unless and until the Board has determined to effect an exchange pursuant to the TAPP (as described below).
Flip-In Event. In the event that a person becomes an Acquiring Person, each holder of a Right, other than Rights that are or, under certain circumstances, were beneficially owned by the Acquiring Person (which will thereupon become null and void), will thereafter have the right to receive upon exercise of a Right and payment of the Purchase Price, a number of shares of Common Stock having a market value of two times the Purchase Price.
Redemption. At any time until a person becomes an "Acquiring Person," the Board may redeem the Rights in whole, but not in part, at a price of $0.00001 per Right (the "Redemption Price"). The redemption of the Rights may be made effective at such time, on such basis and with such conditions as the Board in its sole discretion may establish. Immediately upon any redemption of the Rights, the right to exercise the Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the Redemption Price.
Exchange. At any time after a person becomes an Acquiring Person, the Board may exchange the Rights (other than Rights that have become null and void), in whole or in part, at an exchange ratio of one share of Common Stock, or a fractional share of Series B Preferred Stock (or of a share of a similar class or series of the Company’s preferred stock having similar rights, preferences and privileges) of equivalent value, per Right (subject to adjustment). Immediately upon an exchange of any Rights, the right to exercise such Rights will terminate and the only right of the holders of Rights will be to receive the number of shares of Common Stock (or fractional share of Series B Preferred Stock or of a share of a similar class or series of the Company’s preferred stock having similar rights, preferences and privileges) equal to the number of such Rights held by such holder multiplied by the exchange ratio. The Board shall not be empowered to effect such exchange at any time after an Acquiring Person becomes the beneficial owner of 50% or more of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock.
Expiration. The Rights and the TAPP will expire on the earlier of (i) the close of business on the earlier of (a) December 31, 2019,2020, or (b) the business day immediately following the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting (including any adjournment or postponement thereof)December 31, 2019 if stockholder approval has not been obtained prior to such date, (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed pursuant to the TAPP, (iii) the time at which the Rights are exchanged in full pursuant to the TAPP, (iv) the effective date of the repeal of both Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, or any successor provisions or replacement provisions, if the Board determines that the TAPP is no longer necessary for the preservation of tax benefits or (v) the beginning of a taxable year of the Company for which the Board determines that the Company has or will have no tax benefits.
Anti-Dilution Provisions. The Board may adjust the Purchase Price, the number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock or other securities or assets issuable and the number of outstanding Rights to prevent dilution that may occur as a result of certain events, including among others, a stock dividend, a stock split or a reclassification of the Series B Preferred Stock or

Common Stock. With certain exceptions, no adjustments to the Purchase Price will be required until cumulative adjustments amount to at least 1% of the Purchase Price.
Amendments. For so long as the Rights are redeemable, the Board may supplement or amend any provision of the TAPP in any respect without the approval of the holders of the Rights. From and after the time the Rights are no longer redeemable, the

Board may supplement or amend the TAPP only to cure an ambiguity, to alter time period provisions, to correct inconsistent provisions, or to make any additional changes to the TAPP which the Company may deem necessary or desirable, but only to the extent that those changes do not impair or adversely affect any Rights holder (other than an Acquiring Person or any Affiliate or Associate of an Acquiring Person or certain of their transferees) and do not result in the Rights again becoming redeemable or the TAPP again becoming amendable other than in accordance with this sentence.
Certain Considerations Related to the TAPP
Our Board believes that protecting the Tax Assets is in the Company’s and our stockholders’ best interests. Nonetheless, we cannot eliminate the possibility that changes in our stock ownership will occur sufficient to cause an "ownership change" even if the TAPP is approved. You should consider the factors below when making your decision.
Future Use and Amount of the Tax Assets is Uncertain. Our use of the Tax Assets depends on our ability to generate taxable income in the future. We cannot assure you whether we will have taxable income in any applicable period or, if we do, whether such income will exceed any potential Section 382 limitation and therefore we cannot assure you that we will realize the full value of the Tax Assets.
Potential Challenge to the Tax Assets. The amount of the Tax Assets has not been audited or otherwise validated by the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS"). The IRS could challenge the amount of the Tax Assets, which could result in an increase in our liability for income taxes. In addition, determining whether an "ownership change" has occurred is subject to uncertainty, both because of the complexity and ambiguity of the Section 382 provisions and because of limitations on the knowledge that any publicly traded company can have about the ownership of, and transactions in, its securities on a timely basis. Therefore, we cannot assure you that the IRS or other taxing authority will not claim that we experienced an "ownership change" and attempt to reduce the benefit of the Tax Assets even if the TAPP is in place.
Continued Risk of Ownership Change. Although the TAPP is intended to diminish the likelihood of an "ownership change," we cannot assure you that it will be effective. The amount by which our ownership may change in the future could, for example, be affected by purchases and sales of stock by stockholders and new issuances or repurchases of stock by us, should we choose to do so.
Potential Effects on Liquidity. The TAPP is intended to deter persons or groups of persons from acquiring beneficial ownership of shares of our Common Stock in excess of the specified limitation. A stockholder’s ability to dispose of our Common Stock may be limited if the TAPP reduces the number of persons willing to acquire our Common Stock or the amount they are willing to acquire.
Potential Impact on Value. The TAPP could negatively impact the value of our Common Stock by deterring persons or groups of persons from acquiring shares of our Common Stock, including in acquisitions for which some stockholders might receive a premium above market value.
Anti-Takeover Effect. Our Board adopted the TAPP to diminish the risk that our ability to use the Tax Assets to reduce potential federal income tax obligations becomes limited. Nonetheless, the TAPP may have an "anti-takeover effect"“anti-takeover effect” because it will deter a person or group of persons from acquiring beneficial ownership of 4.99% or more of our Common Stock or, in the case of persons or persons that already own 4.99% or more of our Common Stock, from acquiring any additional shares of our Common Stock. The TAPP could discourage a merger, tender offer or accumulations of substantial blocks of shares.
Board Recommendation
The Board recommends that you vote "FOR" the approval of the Company’s Second Amendment of the Tax Asset Protection Plan.


SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE
Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires our officers, directors, and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file reports of ownership with the SEC. Officers, directors and greater than 10% stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017,2018, there were no persons subject to Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting in which a late report was filed. The Company is not aware of any unreported transactions for 2017.2018.


OTHER MATTERS

The Board knows of no other business to be presented at the Annual Meeting. If other matters properly come before the Annual Meeting, to the extent permitted by law, the persons named in the accompanying form of proxy intend to vote on such other matters in accordance with their best judgment.
PROPOSALS OF STOCKHOLDERS FOR PRESENTATION AT THE NEXT ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS
We anticipate that the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders for the Company will be held in June 2019.2020.
Any stockholder of record who desires to submit a proper proposal for inclusion in the proxy material related to the next Annual Meeting of Stockholders must do so in writing in care of Greg P. Marken, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary, at 640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270, Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129 no later than December 28, 2018.31, 2019. If a stockholder intends to submit a proposal at the meeting that is not included in our Proxy Statement, and the stockholder fails to notify us prior to March 15, 20192020 of such proposal, then to the extent permitted by law, the proxies appointed by our management would be allowed to use their discretionary voting authority when the proposal is raised at the Annual Meeting, without any discussion of the matter in the Proxy Statement. The stockholder must disclose, among other items, certain information related to the business to be proposed at the meeting, its beneficial ownership in the Company and whether it is acting in concert with other stockholders or interested parties. For a complete list of information that stockholders must provide, see Section 2.03 of the Company's bylaws.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 20172018 with the SEC on March 12, 2018.18, 2019. Our Annual Report is being made available to our stockholders concurrently with this Proxy Statement and does not form part of the proxy solicitation material. It is available free of charge at the SEC's web site at www.sec.gov. Upon written request by a stockholder, we will mail, without charge, a copy of the 20172018 Form 10-K, including the financial statements and financial statement schedules, but excluding exhibits to the 20172018 Form 10-K. Exhibits to the 20172018 Form 10-K are available upon payment of a reasonable fee, which is limited to our expenses in furnishing the requested exhibit. Such requests may be made by writing to our Corporate Secretary at the following address or telephone number:

Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc.
Attn: Corporate Secretary
640 Plaza Drive, Suite 270
Highlands Ranch, Colorado 80129
Telephone: 888-822-8617
In addition, if you have any questions about the proposals, you may contact:

Alpha IR Group
Chris Hodges or Ryan Coleman
312-445-2870
ades@alpha-ir.com

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any of the information on file with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room, located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800- SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available on the SEC’s web site located at http://www.sec.gov, and certain filings are available on the Company’s web site at www.advancedemissionssolutions.com.

If you would like to request documents from us, please do so by June 5, 20186, 2019 to receive them before the Annual Meeting. We will send requested documents by first-class mail within one business day after receiving the request.
You should rely only on the information contained in this Proxy Statement to vote on the Annual Meeting proposals. No one has been authorized to provide you with information that is different from what is contained in this Proxy Statement.

This Proxy Statement is dated April [ ], 2018.2019. You should not assume the information contained in this Proxy Statement is accurate as of any date other than this date, and the mailing of this Proxy Statement to stockholders shall not imply information is accurate as of any other date.

 BY ORDER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 By: /s/ Greg P. Marken
   Greg P. Marken
   Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary

Dated: April [ ], 20182019


APPENDIX A


FIRSTSECOND AMENDMENT TO
TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN

This FIRSTSECOND AMENDMENT TO TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN (this “Amendment”) entered into as of April 6, 2018,5, 2019, by and between Advanced Emissions Solutions, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., a federally chartered trust company (the “Rights Agent”). All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning(s) ascribed to them in that certain Tax Asset Protection Plan dated as of May 5, 2017, by and between the Company and the Rights Agent, as amended by the First Amendment to Tax Asset Protection Plan, dated as of April 6, 2018 (the “TAPP”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the Company and the Rights Agent are parties to the TAPP; and

WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 26 of the TAPP, the Company and the Rights Agent desire to amend the TAPP as set forth in this Amendment.


AGREEMENT

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the promises and the mutual agreements herein set forth, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

1.Amendment of Section 1(w). The definition of “Final Expiration Date” set forth in Section 1(w) of the TAPP is hereby amended and restated to read in its entirety as follows:
“(w) “Final Expiration Date” shall mean the Close of Business on the earlier of (i) December 31, 20192020 or (ii) the Business Day immediately following the Company’s 2018 annual meeting of stockholders (including any adjournment or postponement thereof)December 31, 2019 if Stockholder Approval has not been obtained prior to such date.”
2.Addition of Section 1(vv). The TAPP is hereby amended to add the following as Section 1(vv):
“(vv) “Stockholder Approval” shall mean the approval of this Agreement by the stockholders of the Company where the votes cast in favor of approval of the Agreement exceed the votes cast against it.”
3.2.Amendment of Exhibit B (Form of Rights Certificate). The introductory paragraph of Exhibit B to the TAPP is hereby deleted and replaced with the following:
“NOT EXERCISABLE AFTER THE EARLIER OF (I) DECEMBER 31, 20192020 OR (II) THE BUSINESS DAY IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWING THE COMPANY'S 2018 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS (INCLUDING ANY ADJOURNMENT OR POSTPONEMENT THEREOF) IF STOCKHOLDER APPROVAL HAS NOT BEEN OBTAINED PRIOR TO SUCH DATE,DECEMBER 31, 2019 if Stockholder Approval has not been obtained prior to such date, OR SUCH EARLIER DATE AS PROVIDED BY THE TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN. THE RIGHTS ARE SUBJECT TO REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE AT THE OPTION OF THE COMPANY, ON THE TERMS SET FORTH IN THE TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN. UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AS SET FORTH IN THE TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN, RIGHTS THAT ARE OR WERE BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY AN ACQUIRING PERSON OR ANY AFFILIATE OR ASSOCIATE OF AN ACQUIRING PERSON (AS SUCH TERMS ARE DEFINED IN THE TAX ASSET PROTECTION PLAN) MAY BECOME NULL AND VOID.”
4.3.Amendment of Exhibit C (Summary of Rights). Exhibit C to the TAPP is hereby amended in that the section titled “Expiration” is deleted and replaced with the following:
“Expiration. The Rights and the Plan will expire on the earlier of (i) the Close of Business on the earlier of (a) December 31, 20192020 or (b) the Business Day immediately following the Company’s 2018 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (including any adjournment or postponement thereof)December 31, 2019 if Stockholder Approval has

not been obtained prior to such date, (ii) the time at which the Rights are redeemed pursuant to the Plan, (iii) the time at which the Rights are exchanged in full pursuant to the Plan, (iv) the effective date of the repeal of both Section 382 and Section 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, or any successor provisions or replacement provisions, if the Board determines that the Plan is no longer necessary for the preservation of Tax Benefits or (v) the

beginning of a taxable year of the Company for which the Board determines that the Company has or will have no Tax Benefits.”

5.4.Agreement as Amended. The term “Agreement” as used in the TAPP shall be deemed to refer to the TAPP as amended hereby.amended. Except as set forth herein, the TAPP shall remain in full force and effect and otherwise shall be unaffected hereby, and each of the Company and the Rights Agent shall continue to be subject to its terms and conditions.

6.5.Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Amendment is held by a court of competent jurisdiction or other authority to be invalid, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions of this Amendment shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated; provided, however, that if such excluded terms, provisions, covenants or restrictions shall adversely affect the rights, immunities, liabilities, duties, responsibilities or obligations of the Rights Agent, the Rights Agent shall be entitled to resign immediately.

7.6.Governing Law. This Amendment shall be deemed to be a contract made under the laws of the State of Delaware and for all purposes shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of such State applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely within such State.

8.7.Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts and each of such counterparts shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original, and all such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument. A facsimile or .pdf signature delivered electronically shall constitute an original signature for all purposes.

9.8.Descriptive Headings. Descriptive headings of the several Sections of this Amendment are inserted for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or construction of any of the provisions hereof.
[Signature Page Follow]Follow]



IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto has caused this Amendment to be duly executed as of the date first above written.
  ADVANCED EMISSIONS SOLUTIONS, INC.
  By: /s/ L. Heath SampsonTed Sanders
    Name: L. Heath SampsonTed Sanders
    Title: President & CEOGeneral Counsel
     
     
  COMPUTERSHARE TRUST COMPANY, N.A.
  By: /s/ Patrick HayesKathy Heagerty
    Name: Patrick HayesKathy Heagerty
    Title: Vice President & Manager
     



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Directions to the Denver Marriott Tech Center located at 4900 S. Syracuse Street, Denver, Colorado 80237

Take Highway I-25 north to Belleview exit, exit East on Belleview. Left at first light, S Syracuse, proceed to Hotel entrance on left.

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